ASRA cease and desist against CoagRef - Revision history

Louis: restore the previous version

2026-06-12T13:54:26Z

restore the previous version

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 12 June 2026
Line 88:		Line 88:
	<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024">{{Cite web \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214065922/https://apps.apple.com/us/app/asra-coags/id858796572 \|title=ASRA Coags on the App Store (archived December 14, 2024) \|publisher=Internet Archive Wayback Machine \|date=2024-12-14 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024">{{Cite web \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214065922/https://apps.apple.com/us/app/asra-coags/id858796572 \|title=ASRA Coags on the App Store (archived December 14, 2024) \|publisher=Internet Archive Wayback Machine \|date=2024-12-14 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="asra-apps-page">{{Cite web \|url=https://asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps \|title=ASRA Apps \|publisher=American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="asra-apps-page">{{Cite web \|url=https://asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps \|title=ASRA Apps \|publisher=American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="coagref-404">{{Cite web \|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262 \|title=CoagRef on the App Store \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="coagref-404">{{Cite web \|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262 \|title=CoagRef on the App Store (page not found) \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>

Louis: drop the page-not-found note from a citation title

2026-06-12T13:44:44Z

drop the page-not-found note from a citation title

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 12 June 2026
Line 88:		Line 88:
	<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024">{{Cite web \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214065922/https://apps.apple.com/us/app/asra-coags/id858796572 \|title=ASRA Coags on the App Store (archived December 14, 2024) \|publisher=Internet Archive Wayback Machine \|date=2024-12-14 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024">{{Cite web \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214065922/https://apps.apple.com/us/app/asra-coags/id858796572 \|title=ASRA Coags on the App Store (archived December 14, 2024) \|publisher=Internet Archive Wayback Machine \|date=2024-12-14 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="asra-apps-page">{{Cite web \|url=https://asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps \|title=ASRA Apps \|publisher=American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="asra-apps-page">{{Cite web \|url=https://asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps \|title=ASRA Apps \|publisher=American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="coagref-404">{{Cite web \|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262 \|title=CoagRef on the App Store ~~(page not found)~~ \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="coagref-404">{{Cite web \|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262 \|title=CoagRef on the App Store \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>

Mr Pollo at 22:41, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T22:41:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:41, 29 May 2026
Line 91:		Line 91:
	<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="sdn-1508690">{{Cite web \|url=https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/asra-coags-app-now-membership-only.1508690/ \|title=ASRA Coags App now Membership Only \|~~first~~=TeslaCoil \|website=Student Doctor Network Forums \|date=2025-05-01 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="sdn-1508690">{{Cite web \|url=https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/asra-coags-app-now-membership-only.1508690/ \|title=ASRA Coags App now Membership Only \|author=TeslaCoil \|website=Student Doctor Network Forums \|date=2025-05-01 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="sdn-1511800">{{Cite web \|url=https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/asra-coag-app-subscription.1511800/ \|title=ASRA Coag App subscription \|first=Baron S \|website=Student Doctor Network Forums \|date=2025-07-21 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="sdn-1511800">{{Cite web \|url=https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/asra-coag-app-subscription.1511800/ \|title=ASRA Coag App subscription \|first=Baron\|last=S \|website=Student Doctor Network Forums \|date=2025-07-21 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="copyright-gov-fairuse">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/amsoc-publicresourceorg-dccirc2023.pdf \|title=American Society for Testing and Materials v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc., 82 F.4th 1262 (D.C. Cir. 2023): Fair Use Case Summary \|publisher=United States Copyright Office \|date=2023 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="copyright-gov-fairuse">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/amsoc-publicresourceorg-dccirc2023.pdf \|title=American Society for Testing and Materials v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc., 82 F.4th 1262 (D.C. Cir. 2023): Fair Use Case Summary \|publisher=United States Copyright Office \|date=2023 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="ce9-jury">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/jury-instructions/node/282 \|title=17.25 Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Copyright Misuse \|publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="ce9-jury">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/jury-instructions/node/282 \|title=17.25 Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Copyright Misuse \|publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>

Keith: Undid edit - vandalism

2026-05-21T16:22:52Z

Undid edit - vandalism

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, 21 May 2026
Line 79:		Line 79:
	*[[Bait-and-switch]]		*[[Bait-and-switch]]
	*[[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]		*[[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]
	*[https://i.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/original/002/345/777/e1d Consumer protections laws]

	==References==		==References==

Keith: Reverted edit by Keith (talk) to last revision by 49.195.2.112

2026-05-21T16:20:09Z

Reverted edit by Keith (talk) to last revision by 49.195.2.112

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 21 May 2026
Line 79:		Line 79:
	*[[Bait-and-switch]]		*[[Bait-and-switch]]
	*[[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]		*[[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]
			*[https://i.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/original/002/345/777/e1d Consumer protections laws]

	==References==		==References==

Keith: Reverted edit by 49.195.2.112 (talk) to last revision by 100.11.241.108

2026-05-21T16:19:43Z

Reverted edit by 49.195.2.112 (talk) to last revision by 100.11.241.108

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:19, 21 May 2026
Line 79:		Line 79:
	*[[Bait-and-switch]]		*[[Bait-and-switch]]
	*[[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]		*[[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]
	*[https://i.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/original/002/345/777/e1d Consumer protections laws]

	==References==		==References==

49.195.2.112: See also

2026-05-21T16:16:16Z

100.11.241.108: Non-anesthesiologist physician, not sure what load bearing means in this instance though, would consider removing for clarity

2026-05-19T16:20:16Z

Non-anesthesiologist physician, not sure what load bearing means in this instance though, would consider removing for clarity

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 19 May 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:
	'''ASRA cease and desist against CoagRef''' refers to the May 2026 removal of '''CoagRef''', a free iOS clinical reference app written by Houston-based cardiothoracic anesthesiologist Rishi Kumar, MD, after he received legal demands from lawyers representing what he described as "a large organization in anesthesiology."<ref name="kumar-fb" /> The only anesthesiology organization that publishes Coags-branded reference software based on the underlying anticoagulation guidelines is the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA), whose own ASRA Coags app was converted in April 2025 from a one-time $3.99 purchase to a $6.99 annual subscription that locked out prior buyers.<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024" /><ref name="appstore-current" /> The underlying guidelines that both apps summarize are published under the "Free" access tier at the BMJ journal ''Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine''.<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018" /><ref name="rapm-kopp-2025" />		'''ASRA cease and desist against CoagRef''' refers to the May 2026 removal of '''CoagRef''', a free iOS clinical reference app written by Houston-based cardiothoracic anesthesiologist Rishi Kumar, MD, after he received legal demands from lawyers representing what he described as "a large organization in anesthesiology."<ref name="kumar-fb" /> The only anesthesiology organization that publishes Coags-branded reference software based on the underlying anticoagulation guidelines is the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA), whose own ASRA Coags app was converted in April 2025 from a one-time $3.99 purchase to a $6.99 annual subscription that locked out prior buyers.<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024" /><ref name="appstore-current" /> The underlying guidelines that both apps summarize are published under the "Free" access tier at the BMJ journal ''Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine''.<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018" /><ref name="rapm-kopp-2025" />

	== Background ==		==Background==

	ASRA publishes the canonical evidence-based guidelines used in North America for timing regional anesthesia procedures (spinal and epidural blocks, nerve blocks, interventional pain injections) in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications. The fourth edition was published in 2018 as Horlocker et al., ''Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition)'' in ''Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine'' 43(3):263-309.<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018" /> The fifth edition, by Kopp et al., was published online ahead of print on October 16, 2025.<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025" /> Both editions are hosted at rapm.bmj.com under the "FREE" designation, meaning anonymous visitors can download the full PDF without a subscription.<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018" /><ref name="rapm-kopp-2025" /> Both editions remain under standard copyright; the BMJ page footer states that "All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved," and reuse requires permission via the Copyright Clearance Center.<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018" /><ref name="rapm-kopp-2025" />		ASRA publishes the canonical evidence-based guidelines used in North America for timing regional anesthesia procedures (spinal and epidural blocks, nerve blocks, interventional pain injections) in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications. The fourth edition was published in 2018 as Horlocker et al., ''Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition)'' in ''Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine'' 43(3):263-309.<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018" /> The fifth edition, by Kopp et al., was published online ahead of print on October 16, 2025.<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025" /> Both editions are hosted at rapm.bmj.com under the "FREE" designation, meaning anonymous visitors can download the full PDF without a subscription.<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018" /><ref name="rapm-kopp-2025" /> Both editions remain under standard copyright; the BMJ page footer states that "All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved," and reuse requires permission via the Copyright Clearance Center.<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018" /><ref name="rapm-kopp-2025" />

	The guidelines ~~are clinically load-bearing. The~~ recommended interruption times between a drug dose and a neuraxial procedure are the principal defense against spinal epidural hematoma, a rare but catastrophic complication that can cause permanent paralysis if hemorrhage compresses the spinal cord and is not surgically decompressed in time.<ref name="nysora-hematoma" /> Quoted incidence estimates range from approximately 1 in 200,000 spinal blocks and 1 in 150,000 epidural blocks in unselected patients, to as frequent as 1 in 3,600 or 1 in 1,000 in some elderly surgical cohorts.<ref name="southern-pain" /><ref name="nysora-hematoma" />		The guidelines provide recommended interruption times between a drug dose and a neuraxial procedure are the principal defense against spinal epidural hematoma, a rare but catastrophic complication that can cause permanent paralysis if hemorrhage compresses the spinal cord and is not surgically decompressed in time.<ref name="nysora-hematoma" /> Quoted incidence estimates range from approximately 1 in 200,000 spinal blocks and 1 in 150,000 epidural blocks in unselected patients, to as frequent as 1 in 3,600 or 1 in 1,000 in some elderly surgical cohorts.<ref name="southern-pain" /><ref name="nysora-hematoma" />

	ASRA has distributed a mobile reference app, '''ASRA Coags''', since at least 2014. The app, developed at Vanderbilt University Medical Center under Rajnish Gupta, MD and Matthew McEvoy, MD with code by Mustard Seed Software, LLC, converts the guideline tables into a drug-by-drug lookup keyed to block type, catheter removal, and bleeding risk.<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024" /> A December 14, 2024 Wayback Machine capture of the Apple App Store listing shows the app priced at a one-time $3.99 with no subscription component.<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024" />		ASRA has distributed a mobile reference app, '''ASRA Coags''', since at least 2014. The app, developed at Vanderbilt University Medical Center under Rajnish Gupta, MD and Matthew McEvoy, MD with code by Mustard Seed Software, LLC, converts the guideline tables into a drug-by-drug lookup keyed to block type, catheter removal, and bleeding risk.<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024" /> A December 14, 2024 Wayback Machine capture of the Apple App Store listing shows the app priced at a one-time $3.99 with no subscription component.<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024" />

	== ASRA Coags subscription transition ==		==ASRA Coags subscription transition==

	On April 21, 2025, ASRA shipped version 4.0 of ASRA Coags. The current App Store listing's version history records the v4.0 update only as "Update the ui and contents", with no disclosure in the release notes that the app would now require an annual subscription.<ref name="appstore-current" /> Within days, prior purchasers began reporting that the app had locked them out of the content they had previously paid for and now required a $6.99 annual subscription, or membership in ASRA Pain Medicine, to access.<ref name="sdn-1508690" /> The Apple App Store listing's current description states the change directly:		On April 21, 2025, ASRA shipped version 4.0 of ASRA Coags. The current App Store listing's version history records the v4.0 update only as "Update the ui and contents", with no disclosure in the release notes that the app would now require an annual subscription.<ref name="appstore-current" /> Within days, prior purchasers began reporting that the app had locked them out of the content they had previously paid for and now required a $6.99 annual subscription, or membership in ASRA Pain Medicine, to access.<ref name="sdn-1508690" /> The Apple App Store listing's current description states the change directly:
Line 44:		Line 44:
	The app's overall App Store rating sat at 1.3 stars across 391 ratings as of the May 2026 capture.<ref name="appstore-current" />		The app's overall App Store rating sat at 1.3 stars across 391 ratings as of the May 2026 capture.<ref name="appstore-current" />

	== CoagRef and the cease-and-desist ==		==CoagRef and the cease-and-desist==

	CoagRef was a free iOS application authored by Rishi Kumar, MD, a Harvard-trained cardiothoracic anesthesiologist and cardiovascular intensive care physician practicing in the Texas Medical Center.<ref name="rkmd-about" /> Kumar publishes a suite of free, no-registration, no-subscription medical reference apps (EBMRef, ECGRef, EchoRef, LabRef, VentRef) at rkref.app.<ref name="rkmd-about" /> CoagRef summarized the same anticoagulation timing recommendations that ASRA Coags covered, drawn from the publicly downloadable BMJ guideline PDFs.		CoagRef was a free iOS application authored by Rishi Kumar, MD, a Harvard-trained cardiothoracic anesthesiologist and cardiovascular intensive care physician practicing in the Texas Medical Center.<ref name="rkmd-about" /> Kumar publishes a suite of free, no-registration, no-subscription medical reference apps (EBMRef, ECGRef, EchoRef, LabRef, VentRef) at rkref.app.<ref name="rkmd-about" /> CoagRef summarized the same anticoagulation timing recommendations that ASRA Coags covered, drawn from the publicly downloadable BMJ guideline PDFs.
Line 54:		Line 54:
	Kumar's statement does not name ASRA. The only organization in anesthesiology that publishes a competing Coags-branded reference app whose underlying anticoagulation guidelines drive both apps is ASRA, and the public record makes that linkage circumstantial rather than confirmed by the developer. As of the article's capture date, the App Store listing for CoagRef (apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262) returns a 404 "The page you're looking for can't be found" error, confirming the takedown.<ref name="coagref-404" />		Kumar's statement does not name ASRA. The only organization in anesthesiology that publishes a competing Coags-branded reference app whose underlying anticoagulation guidelines drive both apps is ASRA, and the public record makes that linkage circumstantial rather than confirmed by the developer. As of the article's capture date, the App Store listing for CoagRef (apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262) returns a 404 "The page you're looking for can't be found" error, confirming the takedown.<ref name="coagref-404" />

	== Copyright and publicly published safety standards ==		==Copyright and publicly published safety standards==

	In ''American Society for Testing and Materials v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.'', 82 F.4th 1262 (D.C. Cir. 2023), the D.C. Circuit held that non-commercial dissemination of privately developed technical standards that have been incorporated by reference into law constitutes fair use.<ref name="copyright-gov-fairuse" /> The decision was specific to standards incorporated by reference into law; the ASRA anticoagulation guidelines are not statutorily incorporated.		In ''American Society for Testing and Materials v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.'', 82 F.4th 1262 (D.C. Cir. 2023), the D.C. Circuit held that non-commercial dissemination of privately developed technical standards that have been incorporated by reference into law constitutes fair use.<ref name="copyright-gov-fairuse" /> The decision was specific to standards incorporated by reference into law; the ASRA anticoagulation guidelines are not statutorily incorporated.
Line 60:		Line 60:
	The earlier Ninth Circuit decision in ''Practice Management Information Corp. v. American Medical Association'', 121 F.3d 516 (9th Cir. 1997), recognized copyright misuse as an equitable defense that precludes enforcement of a copyright during the misuse period without invalidating the copyright itself.<ref name="ce9-jury" />		The earlier Ninth Circuit decision in ''Practice Management Information Corp. v. American Medical Association'', 121 F.3d 516 (9th Cir. 1997), recognized copyright misuse as an equitable defense that precludes enforcement of a copyright during the misuse period without invalidating the copyright itself.<ref name="ce9-jury" />

	== ASRA's response ==		==ASRA's response==

	ASRA has not publicly addressed the CoagRef takedown. The society's own apps page at asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps lists ASRA Coags and the subscription pricing but contains no statement about CoagRef or about cease-and-desist activity directed at third-party apps.<ref name="asra-apps-page" /> No press release, member email, or asra.com news article naming CoagRef was located in the research record. Trade press in anesthesiology (Anesthesiology News, ASA Monitor, MedPage Today, STAT) had not covered either the CoagRef takedown or the ASRA Coags subscription transition as of May 2026.		ASRA has not publicly addressed the CoagRef takedown. The society's own apps page at asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps lists ASRA Coags and the subscription pricing but contains no statement about CoagRef or about cease-and-desist activity directed at third-party apps.<ref name="asra-apps-page" /> No press release, member email, or asra.com news article naming CoagRef was located in the research record. Trade press in anesthesiology (Anesthesiology News, ASA Monitor, MedPage Today, STAT) had not covered either the CoagRef takedown or the ASRA Coags subscription transition as of May 2026.

	== Physician and community response ==		==Physician and community response==

	The two Student Doctor Network threads cited above remain the principal forum-side documentation of physician dissatisfaction with the ASRA Coags subscription transition. Posts in the May 1, 2025 thread describe deleting the app, switching to non-ASRA reference materials, and not renewing ASRA Pain Medicine membership over the issue.<ref name="sdn-1508690" /> The July 21, 2025 thread documents the persistence of the policy "despite the backlash."<ref name="sdn-1511800" />		The two Student Doctor Network threads cited above remain the principal forum-side documentation of physician dissatisfaction with the ASRA Coags subscription transition. Posts in the May 1, 2025 thread describe deleting the app, switching to non-ASRA reference materials, and not renewing ASRA Pain Medicine membership over the issue.<ref name="sdn-1508690" /> The July 21, 2025 thread documents the persistence of the policy "despite the backlash."<ref name="sdn-1511800" />
Line 70:		Line 70:
	App Store reviews drove the listing's rating to 1.3 stars across 391 ratings, with the recent text reviews dominated by complaints about the one-time-purchase-to-subscription transition rather than the app's clinical content.<ref name="appstore-current" /> Among peer medical societies, the American Society of Hematology publishes its clinical practice guidelines at hematology.org.<ref name="ash-guidelines" /> The American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association's 2025 Acute Coronary Syndromes guideline is marked "Free Access" at ahajournals.org.<ref name="aha-acs-2025" />		App Store reviews drove the listing's rating to 1.3 stars across 391 ratings, with the recent text reviews dominated by complaints about the one-time-purchase-to-subscription transition rather than the app's clinical content.<ref name="appstore-current" /> Among peer medical societies, the American Society of Hematology publishes its clinical practice guidelines at hematology.org.<ref name="ash-guidelines" /> The American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association's 2025 Acute Coronary Syndromes guideline is marked "Free Access" at ahajournals.org.<ref name="aha-acs-2025" />

	== Patient-safety stakes ==		==Patient-safety stakes==

	The recommendations in the ASRA guidelines exist because the consequence of mistiming an anticoagulant relative to a neuraxial procedure is spinal epidural hematoma. The collected blood compresses the spinal cord; without urgent surgical decompression the resulting injury can be permanent. A 2018 case report in ''Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine'' describes a 74-year-old man on rivaroxaban who developed a spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma and was found "completely paralyzed with fecal incontinence" by emergency medical services, illustrating the clinical endpoint the guidelines try to prevent.<ref name="cureus-2018" /> A 2025 peer-reviewed case in ''Clinical Case Reports'' documents a 67-year-old septic patient who developed bilateral leg paralysis requiring long-term rehabilitation from a Th6–L2 spinal epidural hematoma following accidental epidural catheter removal while coagulopathic.<ref name="pmc-2025" /> Standard incidence estimates from the Southern Pain Society educational summary place spinal epidural hematoma at roughly 1 in 200,000 after a spinal block and 1 in 150,000 after an epidural block, while a single-institution analysis at Massachusetts General Hospital found 6 confirmed cases across 43,200 epidural catheterizations, or 1 in 7,200.<ref name="southern-pain" /><ref name="mgh-epidural" />		The recommendations in the ASRA guidelines exist because the consequence of mistiming an anticoagulant relative to a neuraxial procedure is spinal epidural hematoma. The collected blood compresses the spinal cord; without urgent surgical decompression the resulting injury can be permanent. A 2018 case report in ''Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine'' describes a 74-year-old man on rivaroxaban who developed a spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma and was found "completely paralyzed with fecal incontinence" by emergency medical services, illustrating the clinical endpoint the guidelines try to prevent.<ref name="cureus-2018" /> A 2025 peer-reviewed case in ''Clinical Case Reports'' documents a 67-year-old septic patient who developed bilateral leg paralysis requiring long-term rehabilitation from a Th6–L2 spinal epidural hematoma following accidental epidural catheter removal while coagulopathic.<ref name="pmc-2025" /> Standard incidence estimates from the Southern Pain Society educational summary place spinal epidural hematoma at roughly 1 in 200,000 after a spinal block and 1 in 150,000 after an epidural block, while a single-institution analysis at Massachusetts General Hospital found 6 confirmed cases across 43,200 epidural catheterizations, or 1 in 7,200.<ref name="southern-pain" /><ref name="mgh-epidural" />

	== See also ==		==See also==

	* [[Click-to-cancel]]		*[[Click-to-cancel]]
	* [[Bait-and-switch]]		*[[Bait-and-switch]]
	* [[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]		*[[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]

	== References ==		==References==

	<references>		<references>

Keith at 16:32, 18 May 2026

2026-05-18T16:32:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:32, 18 May 2026
Line 106:		Line 106:
	[[Category:Incidents]]		[[Category:Incidents]]
	[[Category:Medical software]]		[[Category:Medical software]]
	~~[[Category:Subscription model controversies]]~~
	~~[[Category:Copyright disputes]]~~
	~~[[Category:App Store takedowns]]~~

Keith at 16:31, 18 May 2026

2026-05-18T16:31:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:31, 18 May 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	<!-- Post-audit revision: 2026-05-18. Issues fixed: 14. Claims removed: 4 (one synthetic legal-question framing sentence; one unsourced ASTM-analogy half-sentence; the Medicare/CPT sub-claim; one generic-advocacy paragraph of 3 sentences). -->
	<!-- MODIFIED SECTIONS: Background; ASRA Coags subscription transition; CoagRef and the cease-and-desist; Copyright and publicly published safety standards; Physician and community response; Patient-safety stakes; References -->
	{{IncidentCargo		{{IncidentCargo
	\|IncidentName=ASRA cease and desist against CoagRef		\|IncidentName=ASRA cease and desist against CoagRef

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 12 June 2026
Line 88:		Line 88:
	<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024">{{Cite web \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214065922/https://apps.apple.com/us/app/asra-coags/id858796572 \|title=ASRA Coags on the App Store (archived December 14, 2024) \|publisher=Internet Archive Wayback Machine \|date=2024-12-14 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024">{{Cite web \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214065922/https://apps.apple.com/us/app/asra-coags/id858796572 \|title=ASRA Coags on the App Store (archived December 14, 2024) \|publisher=Internet Archive Wayback Machine \|date=2024-12-14 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="asra-apps-page">{{Cite web \|url=https://asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps \|title=ASRA Apps \|publisher=American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="asra-apps-page">{{Cite web \|url=https://asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps \|title=ASRA Apps \|publisher=American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="coagref-404">{{Cite web \|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262 \|title=CoagRef on the App Store \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="coagref-404">{{Cite web \|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262 \|title=CoagRef on the App Store (page not found) \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 12 June 2026
Line 88:		Line 88:
	<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024">{{Cite web \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214065922/https://apps.apple.com/us/app/asra-coags/id858796572 \|title=ASRA Coags on the App Store (archived December 14, 2024) \|publisher=Internet Archive Wayback Machine \|date=2024-12-14 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="appstore-wayback-2024">{{Cite web \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214065922/https://apps.apple.com/us/app/asra-coags/id858796572 \|title=ASRA Coags on the App Store (archived December 14, 2024) \|publisher=Internet Archive Wayback Machine \|date=2024-12-14 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="asra-apps-page">{{Cite web \|url=https://asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps \|title=ASRA Apps \|publisher=American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="asra-apps-page">{{Cite web \|url=https://asra.com/guidelines-articles/asra-apps \|title=ASRA Apps \|publisher=American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="coagref-404">{{Cite web \|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262 \|title=CoagRef on the App Store ~~(page not found)~~ \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="coagref-404">{{Cite web \|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coagref/id1462215262 \|title=CoagRef on the App Store \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:41, 29 May 2026
Line 91:		Line 91:
	<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-horlocker-2018">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/43/3/263 \|title=Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition) \|last=Horlocker \|first=Terese T. \|last2=Vandermeuelen \|first2=Erik \|last3=Kopp \|first3=Sandra L. \|last4=Gogarten \|first4=Wiebke \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa R. \|last6=Benzon \|first6=Honorio T. \|date=2018 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=263-309 \|doi=10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="rapm-kopp-2025">{{Cite web \|url=https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/10/16/rapm-2024-105766 \|title=Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) \|last=Kopp \|first=Sandra L. \|last2=Vandermeulen \|first2=Erik \|last3=McBane \|first3=Robert D. \|last4=Perlas \|first4=Anahi \|last5=Leffert \|first5=Lisa \|last6=Horlocker \|first6=Terese \|date=2025-10-16 \|journal=Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine \|doi=10.1136/rapm-2024-105766 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="sdn-1508690">{{Cite web \|url=https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/asra-coags-app-now-membership-only.1508690/ \|title=ASRA Coags App now Membership Only \|~~first~~=TeslaCoil \|website=Student Doctor Network Forums \|date=2025-05-01 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="sdn-1508690">{{Cite web \|url=https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/asra-coags-app-now-membership-only.1508690/ \|title=ASRA Coags App now Membership Only \|author=TeslaCoil \|website=Student Doctor Network Forums \|date=2025-05-01 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="sdn-1511800">{{Cite web \|url=https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/asra-coag-app-subscription.1511800/ \|title=ASRA Coag App subscription \|first=Baron S \|website=Student Doctor Network Forums \|date=2025-07-21 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="sdn-1511800">{{Cite web \|url=https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/asra-coag-app-subscription.1511800/ \|title=ASRA Coag App subscription \|first=Baron\|last=S \|website=Student Doctor Network Forums \|date=2025-07-21 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="copyright-gov-fairuse">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/amsoc-publicresourceorg-dccirc2023.pdf \|title=American Society for Testing and Materials v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc., 82 F.4th 1262 (D.C. Cir. 2023): Fair Use Case Summary \|publisher=United States Copyright Office \|date=2023 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="copyright-gov-fairuse">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/amsoc-publicresourceorg-dccirc2023.pdf \|title=American Society for Testing and Materials v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc., 82 F.4th 1262 (D.C. Cir. 2023): Fair Use Case Summary \|publisher=United States Copyright Office \|date=2023 \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>
	<ref name="ce9-jury">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/jury-instructions/node/282 \|title=17.25 Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Copyright Misuse \|publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>		<ref name="ce9-jury">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/jury-instructions/node/282 \|title=17.25 Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Copyright Misuse \|publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit \|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 21 May 2026
Line 79:		Line 79:
	*[[Bait-and-switch]]		*[[Bait-and-switch]]
	*[[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]		*[[Brother Refresh EZ Print Subscription Service]]
			*[https://i.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/original/002/345/777/e1d Consumer protections laws]

	==References==		==References==