Blu-Ray Ultra-HD DRM - Revision history

2001:4BC9:B007:D086:2205:B7FF:FE00:E700: /* References */ 2: fix date

2026-03-27T11:09:52Z

References: 2: fix date

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:09, 27 March 2026
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	\|Description=UHD Blu-ray requires internet-connected DRM; if AACS servers shut down, legally purchased discs become unplayable		\|Description=UHD Blu-ray requires internet-connected DRM; if AACS servers shut down, legally purchased discs become unplayable
	}}		}}
	The '''Ultra HD Blu-ray''' format uses [[DRM]] that requires an internet connection to retrieve decryption keys, ties playback to specific hardware security features that have since been discontinued, and gives a private consortium the power to remotely disable any player or disc at any time.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html \|title=UHD Blu-ray Denies Your Freedom \|website=GNU Project \|date=2024-01-23 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> If the servers operated by the {{Wplink\|Advanced_Access_Content_System\|AACS}} Licensing Administrator (AACS LA) go offline, every Enhanced-mode UHD Blu-ray disc becomes [[Discontinuation bricking\|permanently unplayable]] on any new device.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" /> As of 2024, no current PC hardware or licensed software can play a UHD Blu-ray disc through official channels.<ref name="cyberlink-uhd-dropped">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.cyberlink.com/support-center/faq/content?id=28347 ~~\|title=UHD BD playback feature is no longer supported \|website=CyberLink \|date=2023-11~~ \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref>		The '''Ultra HD Blu-ray''' format uses [[DRM]] that requires an internet connection to retrieve decryption keys, ties playback to specific hardware security features that have since been discontinued, and gives a private consortium the power to remotely disable any player or disc at any time.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html \|title=UHD Blu-ray Denies Your Freedom \|website=GNU Project \|date=2024-01-23 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> If the servers operated by the {{Wplink\|Advanced_Access_Content_System\|AACS}} Licensing Administrator (AACS LA) go offline, every Enhanced-mode UHD Blu-ray disc becomes [[Discontinuation bricking\|permanently unplayable]] on any new device.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" /> As of 2024, no current PC hardware or licensed software can play a UHD Blu-ray disc through official channels.<ref name="cyberlink-uhd-dropped">{{Cite web \|date=2023-11-01 \|title=UHD BD playback feature is no longer supported \|url=https://www.cyberlink.com/support-center/faq/content?id=28347 \|access-date=2026-03-27 \|website=CyberLink}}</ref>

	== Background ==		==Background==

	AACS LA was founded in 2004 by Disney, Intel, Microsoft, Panasonic, Sony, Toshiba, Warner Bros., and IBM to develop copy protection for next-generation optical media.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" /> The {{Wplink\|Blu-ray_Disc_Association\|Blu-ray Disc Association}} (BDA) finalized the Ultra HD Blu-ray specification on May 12, 2015,<ref name="bda-spec">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150512005300/en/Blu-ray-Disc-Association-Completes-Ultra-HD-Blu-ray%E2%84%A2 \|title=Blu-ray Disc Association Completes Ultra HD Blu-ray Specification and Releases New Logo \|website=Business Wire \|date=2015-05-12 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> and the first UHD discs went on sale in the United States on February 14, 2016.<ref name="whathifi-uhd">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.whathifi.com/advice/ultra-hd-blu-ray-everything-you-need-to-know \|title=Ultra HD Blu-ray: everything you need to know \|website=What Hi-Fi? \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref>		AACS LA was founded in 2004 by Disney, Intel, Microsoft, Panasonic, Sony, Toshiba, Warner Bros., and IBM to develop copy protection for next-generation optical media.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" /> The {{Wplink\|Blu-ray_Disc_Association\|Blu-ray Disc Association}} (BDA) finalized the Ultra HD Blu-ray specification on May 12, 2015,<ref name="bda-spec">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150512005300/en/Blu-ray-Disc-Association-Completes-Ultra-HD-Blu-ray%E2%84%A2 \|title=Blu-ray Disc Association Completes Ultra HD Blu-ray Specification and Releases New Logo \|website=Business Wire \|date=2015-05-12 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> and the first UHD discs went on sale in the United States on February 14, 2016.<ref name="whathifi-uhd">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.whathifi.com/advice/ultra-hd-blu-ray-everything-you-need-to-know \|title=Ultra HD Blu-ray: everything you need to know \|website=What Hi-Fi? \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref>
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	AACS LA also retains the ability to revoke certificates for any player or software at any time. Revocation lists are embedded in the Media Key Block (MKB) of newly manufactured discs; inserting a new disc with an updated revocation list permanently disables playback on blacklisted devices.<ref name="eff-aacs-revocation" /> The EFF described this mechanism as "a blunt instrument" that affects all users of a revoked player regardless of whether they were engaged in copying or simply watching a movie they purchased.<ref name="eff-aacs-revocation" />		AACS LA also retains the ability to revoke certificates for any player or software at any time. Revocation lists are embedded in the Media Key Block (MKB) of newly manufactured discs; inserting a new disc with an updated revocation list permanently disables playback on blacklisted devices.<ref name="eff-aacs-revocation" /> The EFF described this mechanism as "a blunt instrument" that affects all users of a revoked player regardless of whether they were engaged in copying or simply watching a movie they purchased.<ref name="eff-aacs-revocation" />

	== Hardware requirements ==		==Hardware requirements==

	Playing a UHD Blu-ray on a PC requires all of the following components to pass a multi-layered DRM verification chain:		Playing a UHD Blu-ray on a PC requires all of the following components to pass a multi-layered DRM verification chain:
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	'''No AMD support.''' AMD processors have never been supported for authorized UHD Blu-ray playback. The AACS LA licensing required security mechanisms specific to Intel SGX and PAVP, which AMD's architecture does not implement.<ref name="ghacks-sgx" /> A consumer who owns an AMD-based PC cannot play a UHD Blu-ray disc they purchased through any official software, regardless of how powerful their hardware is.		'''No AMD support.''' AMD processors have never been supported for authorized UHD Blu-ray playback. The AACS LA licensing required security mechanisms specific to Intel SGX and PAVP, which AMD's architecture does not implement.<ref name="ghacks-sgx" /> A consumer who owns an AMD-based PC cannot play a UHD Blu-ray disc they purchased through any official software, regardless of how powerful their hardware is.

	== Software requirements ==		==Software requirements==

	The AACS Adopter Agreement requires that any software implementation of AACS 2.0 be closed-source. Section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement mandates the use of "techniques of obfuscation clearly designed to effectively disguise and hamper attempts to discover the approaches used."<ref name="aacs-license" /> This requirement makes open-source UHD Blu-ray player software legally impossible: publishing the source code would violate the obfuscation requirements and trigger immediate certificate revocation and potential litigation.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" />		The AACS Adopter Agreement requires that any software implementation of AACS 2.0 be closed-source. Section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement mandates the use of "techniques of obfuscation clearly designed to effectively disguise and hamper attempts to discover the approaches used."<ref name="aacs-license" /> This requirement makes open-source UHD Blu-ray player software legally impossible: publishing the source code would violate the obfuscation requirements and trigger immediate certificate revocation and potential litigation.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" />
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	Users who had not yet updated PowerDVD 22 could retain UHD playback by not applying the patch, but only on systems with 7th- through 10th-generation Intel CPUs running older Windows drivers.<ref name="ghacks-sgx" /> Anyone who upgraded their hardware or operating system lost official UHD Blu-ray playback permanently.		Users who had not yet updated PowerDVD 22 could retain UHD playback by not applying the patch, but only on systems with 7th- through 10th-generation Intel CPUs running older Windows drivers.<ref name="ghacks-sgx" /> Anyone who upgraded their hardware or operating system lost official UHD Blu-ray playback permanently.

	== Ownership concerns ==		==Ownership concerns==

	The combination of internet-dependent key retrieval, arbitrary certificate revocation, and mandatory hardware lock-in undermines the [[right to own]] physical media. A purchased disc can become unplayable through three mechanisms the buyer has no control over: AACS LA shutting down its key servers, AACS LA revoking the buyer's player certificate via an MKB update on a newer disc, or Intel discontinuing the CPU security feature the DRM depends on, a form of [[planned obsolescence]] imposed by the DRM design itself.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" />		The combination of internet-dependent key retrieval, arbitrary certificate revocation, and mandatory hardware lock-in undermines the [[right to own]] physical media. A purchased disc can become unplayable through three mechanisms the buyer has no control over: AACS LA shutting down its key servers, AACS LA revoking the buyer's player certificate via an MKB update on a newer disc, or Intel discontinuing the CPU security feature the DRM depends on, a form of [[planned obsolescence]] imposed by the DRM design itself.<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" />
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	The Free Software Foundation has called for a boycott of media and players that implement AACS DRM, arguing that the format "denies your freedom."<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" />		The Free Software Foundation has called for a boycott of media and players that implement AACS DRM, arguing that the format "denies your freedom."<ref name="gnu-uhd-drm" />

	== Legal context ==		==Legal context==

	{{Wplink\|Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act\|DMCA}} Section 1201 (17 U.S.C. § 1201) makes it a federal offense in the United States to circumvent a technological measure that controls access to a copyrighted work.<ref name="dmca-1201">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/1201 \|title=17 U.S. Code § 1201 - Circumvention of copyright protection systems \|website=Legal Information Institute \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> This applies to AACS 2.0: creating a personal backup of a UHD Blu-ray disc, or bypassing the SGX requirement to play it on unsupported hardware, is illegal regardless of whether the user owns the disc.		{{Wplink\|Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act\|DMCA}} Section 1201 (17 U.S.C. § 1201) makes it a federal offense in the United States to circumvent a technological measure that controls access to a copyrighted work.<ref name="dmca-1201">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/1201 \|title=17 U.S. Code § 1201 - Circumvention of copyright protection systems \|website=Legal Information Institute \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> This applies to AACS 2.0: creating a personal backup of a UHD Blu-ray disc, or bypassing the SGX requirement to play it on unsupported hardware, is illegal regardless of whether the user owns the disc.
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	Every three years, the U.S. Copyright Office conducts a rulemaking proceeding to grant temporary exemptions to Section 1201. Exemptions have been granted for circumventing AACS on Blu-ray discs, but only for narrow uses such as incorporating short portions into documentary films or for educational purposes by university faculty.<ref name="dmca-2018-rulemaking">{{Cite web \|url=https://cdn.loc.gov/copyright/1201/2018/2018_Section_1201_Acting_Registers_Recommendation.pdf \|title=Section 1201 Rulemaking: Seventh Triennial Proceeding \|website=U.S. Copyright Office \|date=2018 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> The 2018 proceeding found the record insufficient to extend the exemption to AACS 2.0. There is no general exemption for consumers to back up or format-shift their UHD Blu-ray collections.		Every three years, the U.S. Copyright Office conducts a rulemaking proceeding to grant temporary exemptions to Section 1201. Exemptions have been granted for circumventing AACS on Blu-ray discs, but only for narrow uses such as incorporating short portions into documentary films or for educational purposes by university faculty.<ref name="dmca-2018-rulemaking">{{Cite web \|url=https://cdn.loc.gov/copyright/1201/2018/2018_Section_1201_Acting_Registers_Recommendation.pdf \|title=Section 1201 Rulemaking: Seventh Triennial Proceeding \|website=U.S. Copyright Office \|date=2018 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> The 2018 proceeding found the record insufficient to extend the exemption to AACS 2.0. There is no general exemption for consumers to back up or format-shift their UHD Blu-ray collections.

	=== AACS LA enforcement ===		===AACS LA enforcement===

	AACS LA has pursued legal action against developers of circumvention software. In 2014, an Antigua court found Giancarlo Bettini, owner of SlySoft (maker of AnyDVD), guilty of six charges under Antigua's Copyright Act 2003 and fined him $5,000 per offense ($30,000 total).<ref name="torrentfreak-bettini">{{Cite web \|url=https://torrentfreak.com/slysoft-dvd-ripper-owner-found-guilty-in-criminal-action-140403/ \|title=Slysoft DVD Ripper Owner Found Guilty in Criminal Action \|website=TorrentFreak \|date=2014-04-03 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> It was the first time Antigua invoked its criminal anti-circumvention statute.		AACS LA has pursued legal action against developers of circumvention software. In 2014, an Antigua court found Giancarlo Bettini, owner of SlySoft (maker of AnyDVD), guilty of six charges under Antigua's Copyright Act 2003 and fined him $5,000 per offense ($30,000 total).<ref name="torrentfreak-bettini">{{Cite web \|url=https://torrentfreak.com/slysoft-dvd-ripper-owner-found-guilty-in-criminal-action-140403/ \|title=Slysoft DVD Ripper Owner Found Guilty in Criminal Action \|website=TorrentFreak \|date=2014-04-03 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> It was the first time Antigua invoked its criminal anti-circumvention statute.
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	In February 2016, AACS LA asked the U.S. Trade Representative to place Antigua on its Priority Watch List for intellectual property violations, citing SlySoft specifically. SlySoft shut down its website days later, posting: "Due to recent regulatory requirements we have had to cease all activities relating to SlySoft Inc."<ref name="torrentfreak-slysoft">{{Cite web \|url=https://torrentfreak.com/popular-blu-ray-ripper-shuts-down-following-legal-pressure-160224/ \|title=Popular Blu-Ray Ripping Software Shuts Down Following Legal Pressure \|website=TorrentFreak \|date=2016-02-24 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> The software was relaunched under the name RedFox, which operated from 2016 until going offline in 2024.		In February 2016, AACS LA asked the U.S. Trade Representative to place Antigua on its Priority Watch List for intellectual property violations, citing SlySoft specifically. SlySoft shut down its website days later, posting: "Due to recent regulatory requirements we have had to cease all activities relating to SlySoft Inc."<ref name="torrentfreak-slysoft">{{Cite web \|url=https://torrentfreak.com/popular-blu-ray-ripper-shuts-down-following-legal-pressure-160224/ \|title=Popular Blu-Ray Ripping Software Shuts Down Following Legal Pressure \|website=TorrentFreak \|date=2016-02-24 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> The software was relaunched under the name RedFox, which operated from 2016 until going offline in 2024.

	== Market impact ==		==Market impact==

	Multiple major manufacturers have exited the standalone UHD Blu-ray player market. Oppo Digital, known for its audiophile-grade players, announced in April 2018 that it would cease manufacturing all Blu-ray and UHD players.<ref name="oppo-exit">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.whathifi.com/news/oppo-closes-its-doors-ditches-blu-ray-player-business \|title=Oppo ditches hi-fi and Blu-ray player business \|website=What Hi-Fi? \|date=2018-04-03 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> Samsung, which had produced the first consumer UHD Blu-ray player (the UBD-K8500), confirmed in February 2019 that it would stop making Blu-ray players for the U.S. market.<ref name="samsung-exit">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.gizchina.com/2019/02/16/samsung-quits-the-4k-blu-ray-player-market/ \|title=Samsung quits the 4K Blu-ray player market after Oppo \|website=Gizchina \|date=2019-02-16 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> LG discontinued its last two UHD player models (UBK80 and UBK90) in December 2024.<ref name="lg-exit">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/lg-stops-making-blu-ray-players-marking-the-end-of-an-era-limited-units-remain-while-inventory-lasts \|title=LG stops making Blu-ray players, marking the end of an era \|website=Tom's Hardware \|date=2024-12-11 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref>		Multiple major manufacturers have exited the standalone UHD Blu-ray player market. Oppo Digital, known for its audiophile-grade players, announced in April 2018 that it would cease manufacturing all Blu-ray and UHD players.<ref name="oppo-exit">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.whathifi.com/news/oppo-closes-its-doors-ditches-blu-ray-player-business \|title=Oppo ditches hi-fi and Blu-ray player business \|website=What Hi-Fi? \|date=2018-04-03 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> Samsung, which had produced the first consumer UHD Blu-ray player (the UBD-K8500), confirmed in February 2019 that it would stop making Blu-ray players for the U.S. market.<ref name="samsung-exit">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.gizchina.com/2019/02/16/samsung-quits-the-4k-blu-ray-player-market/ \|title=Samsung quits the 4K Blu-ray player market after Oppo \|website=Gizchina \|date=2019-02-16 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> LG discontinued its last two UHD player models (UBK80 and UBK90) in December 2024.<ref name="lg-exit">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/lg-stops-making-blu-ray-players-marking-the-end-of-an-era-limited-units-remain-while-inventory-lasts \|title=LG stops making Blu-ray players, marking the end of an era \|website=Tom's Hardware \|date=2024-12-11 \|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref>
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	Among major consumer electronics manufacturers, only Panasonic and Sony continue to produce standalone UHD Blu-ray players. A small number of specialist brands (such as Magnetar Audio) serve the audiophile market. Game consoles with disc drives (Xbox One S/X, Xbox Series X, PlayStation 5 non-Digital Edition) remain the most common consumer hardware capable of UHD playback.		Among major consumer electronics manufacturers, only Panasonic and Sony continue to produce standalone UHD Blu-ray players. A small number of specialist brands (such as Magnetar Audio) serve the audiophile market. Game consoles with disc drives (Xbox One S/X, Xbox Series X, PlayStation 5 non-Digital Edition) remain the most common consumer hardware capable of UHD playback.

	== References ==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

Louis: rewrote from stub, added background on aacs 2.0 vs 1.0, sourced all hardware/software requirements, added cyberlink dropping uhd support, manufacturer exits (oppo/samsung/lg), dmca 1201 context, slysoft enforcement. 18 citations now

2026-03-27T05:26:09Z

rewrote from stub, added background on aacs 2.0 vs 1.0, sourced all hardware/software requirements, added cyberlink dropping uhd support, manufacturer exits (oppo/samsung/lg), dmca 1201 context, slysoft enforcement. 18 citations now

Show changes

PeaceSeekers: archiving

2026-02-06T11:05:38Z

archiving

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 6 February 2026
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	#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''{{Wplink\|AACS_LA\|AACS LA}}'''.		#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''{{Wplink\|AACS_LA\|AACS LA}}'''.
	#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available {{Wplink\|Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here}}).		#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available {{Wplink\|Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here}}).
	#'''Intel Management Engine (ME):'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom "The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom"] - fsf.org - ~~accessed~~ 2025-01-30</ref> If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.		#'''Intel Management Engine (ME):'''<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom\|title=The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom\|website=Free Software Foundation\|access-date=2025-01-30\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250210165315/https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom\|archive-date=2025-02-10}}</ref> If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
	#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.		#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
	#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support '''{{Wplink\|High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|High-bandwith Digital Content Protection}}''' (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.		#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support '''{{Wplink\|High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|High-bandwith Digital Content Protection}}''' (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.
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	The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.		The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.

	Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement.<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf "AACS License Agreement"] - ~~aacscla~~.com - ~~accessed~~ 2025-01-30</ref> This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.		Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf\|title=AACS License Agreement\|website=Advanced Access Content System\|access-date=2025-01-30\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406142710/https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf\|archive-date=2025-04-06}}</ref> This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.

	==Ownership concerns==		==Ownership concerns==

Bythmusters: Started cargo

2026-01-26T15:38:31Z

Started cargo

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 {{Incomplete}}
+{{IncidentCargo
 Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet-connected AACCS [[DRM]], requiring WiFi every time a disc is played. If the AACS servers are shut down, the discs will become [[Discontinuation bricking|permanently unplayable]].

JordanJoel1: Fixed minor typo.

2025-08-20T20:22:45Z

Fixed minor typo.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:22, 20 August 2025
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	{{Incomplete}}		{{Incomplete}}

	Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet-connected AACCS [[DRM]], requiring WiFi every time a disc is played. Tf the AACS servers are shut down, the discs will become [[Discontinuation bricking\|permanently unplayable]].		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet-connected AACCS [[DRM]], requiring WiFi every time a disc is played. If the AACS servers are shut down, the discs will become [[Discontinuation bricking\|permanently unplayable]].

	<!--still incomplete-->		<!--still incomplete-->

Sojourna: clean-up

2025-07-08T23:15:15Z

clean-up

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:15, 8 July 2025
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	{{Incomplete}}		{{Incomplete}}

	Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS [[DRM]] requiring WiFi every time a ~~disk~~ is played~~, if~~ AACS servers shut down ~~disks~~ become permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet-connected AACCS [[DRM]], requiring WiFi every time a disc is played. Tf the AACS servers are shut down, the discs will become [[Discontinuation bricking\|permanently unplayable]].

	<!--still incomplete-->		<!--still incomplete-->

	The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the '''Advanced Access Content System''' (~~[[wikipedia:~~Advanced_Access_Content_System\|AACS]]) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of ~~cryptographically~~ complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers.		The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the '''Advanced Access Content System''' ({{Wplink\|Advanced_Access_Content_System\|AACS}}) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of crypto-graphically complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers.

	==Hardware requirements==		==Hardware requirements==
	The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:		The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:

	#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''~~[[wikipedia:~~AACS_LA\|AACS LA~~]].~~'''		#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''{{Wplink\|AACS_LA\|AACS LA}}'''.
	#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available ~~[[wikipedia:~~Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).		#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available {{Wplink\|Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here}}).
	#'''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom "The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom"] - fsf.org - accessed 2025-01-30</ref>~~''':'''~~ If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.		#'''Intel Management Engine (ME):'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom "The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom"] - fsf.org - accessed 2025-01-30</ref> If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
	#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.		#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
	#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support ~~[[wikipedia:~~High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|~~'''~~High-bandwith Digital Content Protection''']] (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.		#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support '''{{Wplink\|High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|High-bandwith Digital Content Protection}}''' (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.

	==Software requirements==		==Software requirements==
	The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.		The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.

	Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf "AACS License Agreement"] - aacscla.com - accessed 2025-01-30</ref>. This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.		Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement.<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf "AACS License Agreement"] - aacscla.com - accessed 2025-01-30</ref> This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.

	==Ownership concerns==		==Ownership concerns==
	The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS protected discs are designed in ~~a way~~ that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights. ~~Here's why:~~		The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS-protected discs are designed in ways that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights.

	#'''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g., due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.		#'''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g. due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.
	#'''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.		#'''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.
	#'''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.<!-- try using this source here: https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 -->		#'''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.<!-- try using this source here: https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 -->

	==References==		==References==
	~~<references />~~		{{Reflist}}

	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]

Jack Andersen: refformat.

2025-01-30T14:45:28Z

refformat.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:45, 30 January 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Incomplete}}		{{Incomplete}}

	Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS [[DRM]] requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .

	<!--still incomplete-->		<!--still incomplete-->
Line 12:		Line 12:
	#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''		#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''
	#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).		#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).
	#'''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom Intel ME]</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.		#'''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom "The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom"] - fsf.org - accessed 2025-01-30</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
	#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.		#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
	#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support [[wikipedia:High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|'''High-bandwith Digital Content Protection''']] (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.		#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support [[wikipedia:High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|'''High-bandwith Digital Content Protection''']] (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.
Line 19:		Line 19:
	The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.		The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.

	Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf AACS ~~license agreement~~]</ref>. This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.		Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf "AACS License Agreement"] - aacscla.com - accessed 2025-01-30</ref>. This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.

	== Ownership concerns ==		==Ownership concerns==
	The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS protected discs are designed in a way that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights. Here's why:		The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS protected discs are designed in a way that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights. Here's why:

	# '''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g., due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.		#'''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g., due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.
	# '''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.		#'''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.
	# '''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.		#'''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.<!-- try using this source here: https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 -->

	== References ==		==References==
			<references />
	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]
	~~<references />~~

	~~== Sources ==~~

	~~# [https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 Why UHD Blu-Ray denies your freedom]~~

Emanuele: added 2 paragraphs

2025-01-30T09:03:56Z

added 2 paragraphs

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 30 January 2025
Line 5:		Line 5:
	<!--still incomplete-->		<!--still incomplete-->

	The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the Advanced Access Content System (AACS) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of cryptographically complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers~~, meaning that if these servers were to shut down, the disks would become permanently unplayable~~.		The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the '''Advanced Access Content System''' ([[wikipedia:Advanced_Access_Content_System\|AACS]]) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of cryptographically complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers.

	== Hardware requirements ==		==Hardware requirements==
	The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:		The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:

	# A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''		#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''
	# '''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).		#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).
	# '''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>Intel ME</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.		#'''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom Intel ME]</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
	# '''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.		#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
	# '''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support HDCP 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.		#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support [[wikipedia:High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|'''High-bandwith Digital Content Protection''']] (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.

	== Software requirements ==		==Software requirements==
			The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.

			Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf AACS license agreement]</ref>. This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.

			== Ownership concerns ==
			The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS protected discs are designed in a way that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights. Here's why:

			# '''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g., due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.
			# '''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.
			# '''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.

			== References ==
	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]
			<references />

			== Sources ==

			# [https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 Why UHD Blu-Ray denies your freedom]

Emanuele: added a new paragraph

2025-01-29T22:50:14Z

added a new paragraph

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 29 January 2025
Line 3:		Line 3:
	Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .

			<!--still incomplete-->

			The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the Advanced Access Content System (AACS) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of cryptographically complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers, meaning that if these servers were to shut down, the disks would become permanently unplayable.

			== Hardware requirements ==
			The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:

			# A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''
			# '''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).
			# '''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>Intel ME</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
			# '''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
			# '''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support HDCP 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.

			== Software requirements ==
	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]

HeavenPiercerYama: grammar fix

2025-01-29T09:27:49Z

grammar fix

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:27, 29 January 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Incomplete}}		{{Incomplete}}

	Ultra HD Blu-~~ray~~ uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring ~~wifi~~ every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks ~~are~~ permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .

	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]