Self-hosting - Revision history

Venture18+: /* References */ added archive URL

2026-03-08T15:11:30Z

References: added archive URL

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:11, 8 March 2026
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	'''Self-hosting''' is the practice of implementing digital services with server applications under one's own control. This is opposed to relying on large public services or [[Cloud (service)\|cloud services]], compared to which it provides significantly more control over how the services are provided at the cost of responsibility for setting them up and keeping them operational over time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|title=About self-hosting \|url=https://doc.yunohost.org/en/admin/about_self_hosting/ \|url-status=live \|access-date=2026-02-25 \|website=Yunohost}}</ref>		'''Self-hosting''' is the practice of implementing digital services with server applications under one's own control. This is opposed to relying on large public services or [[Cloud (service)\|cloud services]], compared to which it provides significantly more control over how the services are provided at the cost of responsibility for setting them up and keeping them operational over time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|title=About self-hosting \|url=https://doc.yunohost.org/en/admin/about_self_hosting/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251217054550/https://doc.yunohost.org/en/admin/about_self_hosting/ \|archive-date=2025-12-17 \|access-date=2026-02-25 \|website=Yunohost}}</ref>

	It is typically taken up as a hobby, but enthusiasts report practical benefits as reasons to do this too, such as lower costs, less privacy concerns and greater flexibility.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|last=Sholly \|first=Ethan \|date=2025-11-21 \|title=2025 Self-Host User Survey Results \|url=https://selfh.st/survey/2025-results/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121125437/https://selfh.st/survey/2025-results/ \|archive-date=21 Nov 2025 \|website=selfh.st}}</ref> Some enjoy the feeling of independence and a sense of autonomy it brings, for some it's an alternative to digital services offered on worse terms than self-hosting can provide, and sometimes it's a viable alternative when commercial service providers make sudden significant changes detrimental to their users.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Kehayias \|first=John \|date=2021-09-02 \|title=Meet the Self-Hosters, Taking Back the Internet One Server at a Time \|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-self-hosters-taking-back-the-internet-one-server-at-a-time/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816174958/https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-self-hosters-taking-back-the-internet-one-server-at-a-time/ \|archive-date=16 Aug 2024 \|access-date=2025-08-12 \|website=VICE}}</ref>		It is typically taken up as a hobby, but enthusiasts report practical benefits as reasons to do this too, such as lower costs, less privacy concerns and greater flexibility.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|last=Sholly \|first=Ethan \|date=2025-11-21 \|title=2025 Self-Host User Survey Results \|url=https://selfh.st/survey/2025-results/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121125437/https://selfh.st/survey/2025-results/ \|archive-date=21 Nov 2025 \|website=selfh.st}}</ref> Some enjoy the feeling of independence and a sense of autonomy it brings, for some it's an alternative to digital services offered on worse terms than self-hosting can provide, and sometimes it's a viable alternative when commercial service providers make sudden significant changes detrimental to their users.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Kehayias \|first=John \|date=2021-09-02 \|title=Meet the Self-Hosters, Taking Back the Internet One Server at a Time \|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-self-hosters-taking-back-the-internet-one-server-at-a-time/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816174958/https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-self-hosters-taking-back-the-internet-one-server-at-a-time/ \|archive-date=16 Aug 2024 \|access-date=2025-08-12 \|website=VICE}}</ref>
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	In numerous alternatives, particularly among mobile apps, similar functions are only provided by the app's developer or affiliated parties, and often for a fee, with no alternatives,{{Citation needed\|reason=needs examples}} resulting in a [[vendor lock-in]].		In numerous alternatives, particularly among mobile apps, similar functions are only provided by the app's developer or affiliated parties, and often for a fee, with no alternatives,{{Citation needed\|reason=needs examples}} resulting in a [[vendor lock-in]].

	=== Network-wide ad blockers ===		===Network-wide ad blockers===
	{{Main\|Ad block}}		{{Main\|Ad block}}
	Software suites that block access to advertising platforms to devices on the local network.		Software suites that block access to advertising platforms to devices on the local network.

D-side: Added a section for network-wide ad blockers

2026-03-08T12:57:14Z

Added a section for network-wide ad blockers

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 8 March 2026
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	In numerous alternatives, particularly among mobile apps, similar functions are only provided by the app's developer or affiliated parties, and often for a fee, with no alternatives,{{Citation needed\|reason=needs examples}} resulting in a [[vendor lock-in]].		In numerous alternatives, particularly among mobile apps, similar functions are only provided by the app's developer or affiliated parties, and often for a fee, with no alternatives,{{Citation needed\|reason=needs examples}} resulting in a [[vendor lock-in]].

			=== Network-wide ad blockers ===
			{{Main\|Ad block}}
			Software suites that block access to advertising platforms to devices on the local network.

			While limited in what kinds of ads they are capable of blocking, they work where installing a more advanced ad blocker is more difficult or impossible, such as on devices with heavily locked down software or within individual applications.

			Examples: [https://pi-hole.net/ PiHole], [https://adguard.com/en/adguard-home/overview.html AdGuard Home].

	===Other useful tools===		===Other useful tools===
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	*[https://matrix.org/ Matrix], [https://xmpp.org/ XMPP]: Federated messaging platforms		*[https://matrix.org/ Matrix], [https://xmpp.org/ XMPP]: Federated messaging platforms
	*[https://jellyfin.org/ Jellyfin]: Allows for media hosting with various clients for different devices to access the server		*[https://jellyfin.org/ Jellyfin]: Allows for media hosting with various clients for different devices to access the server
	*[https://pi-hole.net/ PiHole], [https://adguard.com/en/adguard-home/overview.html AdGuard Home]: Ad blocking for devices on the network level

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj at 00:17, 27 February 2026

2026-02-27T00:17:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:17, 27 February 2026
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	*[[Local Area Network]]		*[[Local Area Network]]
	*[[Right to own]]		*[[Right to own]]
			*[[Software as a service]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	[[Category:Common terms]]		[[Category:Common terms]]

Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj: Email servers

2026-02-27T00:16:30Z

Email servers

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:16, 27 February 2026
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	*[https://casaos.io/ CasaOS], [https://umbrel.com/umbrelos Umbrel], [https://yunohost.org/ YunoHost]: Systems that aim to make it easy for non-technical users to run their own server and install services on it using a familiar app store paradigm		*[https://casaos.io/ CasaOS], [https://umbrel.com/umbrelos Umbrel], [https://yunohost.org/ YunoHost]: Systems that aim to make it easy for non-technical users to run their own server and install services on it using a familiar app store paradigm
	*[https://www.proxmox.com/ Proxmox VE]: Allows users to host multiple services isolated from each other on one server		*[https://www.proxmox.com/ Proxmox VE]: Allows users to host multiple services isolated from each other on one server
			*[https://mailcow.email/ Mailcow], [https://mailu.io/2024.06/# Mailu], [https://modoboa.org/en/ Modoboa]: Email servers that allow users to send and receive emails without the data collection of free mail services or the price of paid mail services
	*[https://jitsi.org/jitsi-meet/ Jitsi Meet], [https://bigbluebutton.org/ BigBlueButton]: Video conferencing without relying on third party servers		*[https://jitsi.org/jitsi-meet/ Jitsi Meet], [https://bigbluebutton.org/ BigBlueButton]: Video conferencing without relying on third party servers
	*[https://matrix.org/ Matrix], [https://xmpp.org/ XMPP]: Federated messaging platforms		*[https://matrix.org/ Matrix], [https://xmpp.org/ XMPP]: Federated messaging platforms

Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj: Removed advanced because I don't want to encourage anyone to avoid proxmox as it simplifies self hosting

2026-02-27T00:09:27Z

Removed advanced because I don't want to encourage anyone to avoid proxmox as it simplifies self hosting

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:09, 27 February 2026
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	*[https://www.truenas.com/ TrueNAS], [https://www.openmediavault.org/ OpenMediaVault], [https://unraid.net/ Unraid]: Stores files on a server and makes them available to multiple devices		*[https://www.truenas.com/ TrueNAS], [https://www.openmediavault.org/ OpenMediaVault], [https://unraid.net/ Unraid]: Stores files on a server and makes them available to multiple devices
	*[https://casaos.io/ CasaOS], [https://umbrel.com/umbrelos Umbrel], [https://yunohost.org/ YunoHost]: Systems that aim to make it easy for non-technical users to run their own server and install services on it using a familiar app store paradigm		*[https://casaos.io/ CasaOS], [https://umbrel.com/umbrelos Umbrel], [https://yunohost.org/ YunoHost]: Systems that aim to make it easy for non-technical users to run their own server and install services on it using a familiar app store paradigm
	*[https://www.proxmox.com/ Proxmox VE]: Allows ~~advanced~~ users to host multiple services isolated from each other on one server		*[https://www.proxmox.com/ Proxmox VE]: Allows users to host multiple services isolated from each other on one server
	*[https://jitsi.org/jitsi-meet/ Jitsi Meet], [https://bigbluebutton.org/ BigBlueButton]: Video conferencing without relying on third party servers		*[https://jitsi.org/jitsi-meet/ Jitsi Meet], [https://bigbluebutton.org/ BigBlueButton]: Video conferencing without relying on third party servers
	*[https://matrix.org/ Matrix], [https://xmpp.org/ XMPP]: Federated messaging platforms		*[https://matrix.org/ Matrix], [https://xmpp.org/ XMPP]: Federated messaging platforms
	*[https://jellyfin.org/ Jellyfin]: Allows for media hosting with various clients for different devices to access the server		*[https://jellyfin.org/ Jellyfin]: Allows for media hosting with various clients for different devices to access the server
	*[https://pi-hole.net/ PiHole], [https://adguard.com/en/adguard-home/overview.html AdGuard Home]: Ad blocking for devices on the network level		*[https://pi-hole.net/ PiHole], [https://adguard.com/en/adguard-home/overview.html AdGuard Home]: Ad blocking for devices on the network level

Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj: Some extra services, I could add plex but I have heard that they got worse so I’ll check later

2026-02-27T00:05:02Z

Some extra services, I could add plex but I have heard that they got worse so I’ll check later

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:05, 27 February 2026
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	===Other useful tools===		===Other useful tools===

	*[https://www.truenas.com/ TrueNAS], [https://www.openmediavault.org/ OpenMediaVault]: Stores files on a server and makes them available to multiple devices		*[https://www.truenas.com/ TrueNAS], [https://www.openmediavault.org/ OpenMediaVault], [https://unraid.net/ Unraid]: Stores files on a server and makes them available to multiple devices
	*[https://casaos.io/ CasaOS], [https://umbrel.com/umbrelos Umbrel], [https://yunohost.org/ YunoHost]: Systems that aim to make it easy for non-technical users to run their own server and install services on it using a familiar app store paradigm		*[https://casaos.io/ CasaOS], [https://umbrel.com/umbrelos Umbrel], [https://yunohost.org/ YunoHost]: Systems that aim to make it easy for non-technical users to run their own server and install services on it using a familiar app store paradigm
	*[https://www.proxmox.com/ Proxmox]: Allows advanced users to host multiple services isolated from each other on one server		*[https://www.proxmox.com/ Proxmox VE]: Allows advanced users to host multiple services isolated from each other on one server
	*[https://jitsi.org/jitsi-meet/ Jitsi Meet], [https://bigbluebutton.org/ BigBlueButton]: Video conferencing without relying on third party servers		*[https://jitsi.org/jitsi-meet/ Jitsi Meet], [https://bigbluebutton.org/ BigBlueButton]: Video conferencing without relying on third party servers
			*[https://matrix.org/ Matrix], [https://xmpp.org/ XMPP]: Federated messaging platforms
			*[https://jellyfin.org/ Jellyfin]: Allows for media hosting with various clients for different devices to access the server
	*[https://pi-hole.net/ PiHole], [https://adguard.com/en/adguard-home/overview.html AdGuard Home]: Ad blocking for devices on the network level		*[https://pi-hole.net/ PiHole], [https://adguard.com/en/adguard-home/overview.html AdGuard Home]: Ad blocking for devices on the network level

D-side: Undo revision 39860 by Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj (talk)

2026-02-26T06:54:39Z

Undo revision 39860 by Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:54, 26 February 2026
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	In addition to offering a comprehensive interface for the browser and a suite of first-party mobile apps, some third-party applications allow the use of Nextcloud for storing user data. Some such applications are:		In addition to offering a comprehensive interface for the browser and a suite of first-party mobile apps, some third-party applications allow the use of Nextcloud for storing user data. Some such applications are:

	~~===~~[https://www.davx5.com/ DAVx⁵]~~===~~		*[https://www.davx5.com/ DAVx⁵], a synchronization app for calendars, contacts and tasks on Android over the standard DAV protocols that Nextcloud implements
	~~DAVx⁵ is~~ a synchronization app for calendars, contacts and tasks on Android over the standard DAV protocols that Nextcloud implements.		*[https://www.onlyoffice.com/ OnlyOffice], an in-browser document editor within Nextcloud's interface and a desktop editor that connects to a Nextcloud account, both allowing access to files in Nextcloud and collaborative editing with other users
			*[https://floccus.org/ Floccus], a synchronization service for browser bookmarks and tabs, available across many browsers and as a mobile app, and synchronizing with a server chosen by the user, Nextcloud being only one of several supported options
	~~===~~[https://www.onlyoffice.com/ OnlyOffice]~~===~~		*[https://github.com/scubajeff/lespas Les Pas], a photo album Android app, automating photo uploads and browsing both local and remote photo albums
	~~OnlyOffice is~~ an in-browser document editor within Nextcloud's interface and a desktop editor that connects to a Nextcloud account, both allowing access to files in Nextcloud and collaborative editing with other users		*Apps that rely entirely on files for storage and can access Nextcloud through the operating system's interfaces and a Nextcloud client

	~~===~~[https://floccus.org/ Floccus]~~===~~
	~~Floccus is~~ a synchronization service for browser bookmarks and tabs, available across many browsers and as a mobile app, and synchronizing with a server chosen by the user, Nextcloud being only one of several supported options

	~~===~~[https://github.com/scubajeff/lespas Les Pas]~~===~~
	~~Les Pas is~~ a photo album Android app, automating photo uploads and browsing both local and remote photo ~~album apps~~ that rely entirely on files for storage and can access Nextcloud through the operating system's interfaces and a Nextcloud client

	In numerous alternatives, particularly among mobile apps, similar functions are only provided by the app's developer or affiliated parties, and often for a fee, with no alternatives,{{Citation needed\|reason=needs examples}} resulting in a [[vendor lock-in]].		In numerous alternatives, particularly among mobile apps, similar functions are only provided by the app's developer or affiliated parties, and often for a fee, with no alternatives,{{Citation needed\|reason=needs examples}} resulting in a [[vendor lock-in]].

Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj at 04:09, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T04:09:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:09, 26 February 2026
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	In addition to offering a comprehensive interface for the browser and a suite of first-party mobile apps, some third-party applications allow the use of Nextcloud for storing user data. Some such applications are:		In addition to offering a comprehensive interface for the browser and a suite of first-party mobile apps, some third-party applications allow the use of Nextcloud for storing user data. Some such applications are:

	*[https://www.davx5.com/ DAVx⁵], a synchronization app for calendars, contacts and tasks on Android over the standard DAV protocols that Nextcloud implements		===[https://www.davx5.com/ DAVx⁵]===
	*[https://www.onlyoffice.com/ OnlyOffice], an in-browser document editor within Nextcloud's interface and a desktop editor that connects to a Nextcloud account, both allowing access to files in Nextcloud and collaborative editing with other users		DAVx⁵ is a synchronization app for calendars, contacts and tasks on Android over the standard DAV protocols that Nextcloud implements.
	*[https://floccus.org/ Floccus], a synchronization service for browser bookmarks and tabs, available across many browsers and as a mobile app, and synchronizing with a server chosen by the user, Nextcloud being only one of several supported options
	*[https://github.com/scubajeff/lespas Les Pas], a photo album Android app, automating photo uploads and browsing both local and remote photo ~~albums~~		===[https://www.onlyoffice.com/ OnlyOffice]===
	*Apps that rely entirely on files for storage and can access Nextcloud through the operating system's interfaces and a Nextcloud client		OnlyOffice is an in-browser document editor within Nextcloud's interface and a desktop editor that connects to a Nextcloud account, both allowing access to files in Nextcloud and collaborative editing with other users

			===[https://floccus.org/ Floccus]===
			Floccus is a synchronization service for browser bookmarks and tabs, available across many browsers and as a mobile app, and synchronizing with a server chosen by the user, Nextcloud being only one of several supported options

			===[https://github.com/scubajeff/lespas Les Pas]===
			Les Pas is a photo album Android app, automating photo uploads and browsing both local and remote photo album apps that rely entirely on files for storage and can access Nextcloud through the operating system's interfaces and a Nextcloud client

	In numerous alternatives, particularly among mobile apps, similar functions are only provided by the app's developer or affiliated parties, and often for a fee, with no alternatives,{{Citation needed\|reason=needs examples}} resulting in a [[vendor lock-in]].		In numerous alternatives, particularly among mobile apps, similar functions are only provided by the app's developer or affiliated parties, and often for a fee, with no alternatives,{{Citation needed\|reason=needs examples}} resulting in a [[vendor lock-in]].

Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj at 04:05, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T04:05:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:05, 26 February 2026
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	An expensive high-end option that most closely resembles professional setups, with all the perks and downsides of professional setups: professional server hardware is designed to be more reliable and easily serviceable, but also can be very noisy, which may not matter much inside a proper server room or a data center, but for an apartment might be completely unacceptable.		An expensive high-end option that most closely resembles professional setups, with all the perks and downsides of professional setups: professional server hardware is designed to be more reliable and easily serviceable, but also can be very noisy, which may not matter much inside a proper server room or a data center, but for an apartment might be completely unacceptable.

	These are commonly set up for services with high hardware requirements or maintained as a hobby by those who'd like to practice business-grade system administration at home. For the vast majority of services this is unnecessary and is sometimes mocked as such<ref>{{Cite web \|title=You are all a bunch of sick freaks : selfhosted \|url=https://old.reddit.com/r/selfhosted/comments/1igr2l7/you_are_all_a_bunch_of_sick_freaks/ \|archive-url=https://selfh.st/sick-freaks/ \|archive-date=2025-02-03 \|website=Reddit}}</ref>.		These are commonly set up for services with high hardware requirements or maintained as a hobby by those who'd like to practice business-grade system administration at home. For the vast majority of services this is unnecessary and is sometimes mocked as such.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=You are all a bunch of sick freaks : selfhosted \|url=https://old.reddit.com/r/selfhosted/comments/1igr2l7/you_are_all_a_bunch_of_sick_freaks/ \|archive-url=https://selfh.st/sick-freaks/ \|archive-date=2025-02-03 \|website=Reddit}}</ref>

	==Self-hosted applications relevant to consumer rights==		==Self-hosted applications relevant to consumer rights==

Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj: More options for server operating systems

2026-02-26T04:02:26Z

More options for server operating systems

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:02, 26 February 2026
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	Because most self-hosted servers are typically used by only a few users in practice<ref name=":1" />, hardware requirements for some of the most popular services can be meager<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web \|title=System Requirements \|url=https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/stable/admin_manual/installation/system_requirements.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115134906/https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/stable/admin_manual/installation/system_requirements.html \|archive-date=15 Nov 2025 \|access-date=2025-10-12 \|website=Nextcloud Administration Manual}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=FAQ - Docker Mailserver \|url=https://docker-mailserver.github.io/docker-mailserver/latest/faq/#what-are-the-system-requirements \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014171111/https://docker-mailserver.github.io/docker-mailserver/latest/faq/#what-are-the-system-requirements \|archive-date=14 Oct 2025 \|access-date=2025-10-12 \|website=Docker-mailserver}}</ref> and can be satisfied by very old or cheap computers, which can be seen as a step towards [[circular economy]].		Because most self-hosted servers are typically used by only a few users in practice<ref name=":1" />, hardware requirements for some of the most popular services can be meager<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web \|title=System Requirements \|url=https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/stable/admin_manual/installation/system_requirements.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115134906/https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/stable/admin_manual/installation/system_requirements.html \|archive-date=15 Nov 2025 \|access-date=2025-10-12 \|website=Nextcloud Administration Manual}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=FAQ - Docker Mailserver \|url=https://docker-mailserver.github.io/docker-mailserver/latest/faq/#what-are-the-system-requirements \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014171111/https://docker-mailserver.github.io/docker-mailserver/latest/faq/#what-are-the-system-requirements \|archive-date=14 Oct 2025 \|access-date=2025-10-12 \|website=Docker-mailserver}}</ref> and can be satisfied by very old or cheap computers, which can be seen as a step towards [[circular economy]].

	Software-wise, depending on requirements and the level of technical expertise, one might opt for a generic server OS such as [https://www.debian.org/ Debian], [https://ubuntu.com/server Ubuntu Server], and [https://www.freebsd.org/ FreeBSD] for a more do-it-yourself experience, or an OS purpose-built for self-hosting such as [https://yunohost.org/ YunoHost] which guides its users through some of the complexities of the process.		Software-wise, depending on requirements and the level of technical expertise, one might opt for a generic server OS such as [https://www.debian.org/ Debian], [https://ubuntu.com/server Ubuntu Server], and [https://www.freebsd.org/ FreeBSD] for a more do-it-yourself experience, or an OS purpose-built for self-hosting such as [https://yunohost.org/ YunoHost] or [https://umbrel.com/ UmbrelOS] which guides its users through some of the complexities of the process. In some more niche circumstances, [https://www.openbsd.org/ OpenBSD] might be preferred to other options as a server operating system due to its focus on security and simplicity.

	===Network-attached storage (NAS)===		===Network-attached storage (NAS)===