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| Logo = Windows 11 logo.svg
| Logo = Windows 11 logo.svg
|ArticleType=Product|Company=Microsoft|InProduction=Yes|ProductLine=Microsoft Windows|ReleaseYear=2021-10-05|Website=https://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-11|Category=Operating System, Software}}
|ArticleType=Product|Company=Microsoft|InProduction=Yes|ProductLine=Microsoft Windows|ReleaseYear=2021-10-05|Website=https://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-11|Category=Operating System, Software}}
'''Microsoft Windows 11''' is an operating system for personal computers developed and owned by [[Microsoft]]. It was released on October 5 2021. As of 2025, Windows 11 is the current version of Windows sold by [[Microsoft]]. It is used in personal, business, server, and embedded systems applications. Windows by far has the highest market share of any operating system on consumer desktop computers.
'''Microsoft Windows 11''' is an operating system for personal computers developed and owned by [[Microsoft]]. It was released on October 5 2021. As of 2026, Windows 11 is the current version of Windows sold by [[Microsoft]]. It is used in personal, business, server, and embedded systems applications. Windows by far has the highest market share of any operating system on consumer desktop computers.


==Consumer impact summary==
==Consumer impact summary==
===User Freedom===
===User freedom===
Windows 11 has several and more restrictions than their previous version, Windows 10. These restrictions usually prevent the user to configure the system to their liking. Some notable restrictions are:
Windows 11 has several and more restrictions than their previous version, Windows 10. These restrictions usually prevent the user to configure the system to their liking. Some notable restrictions are:
*In order to use the operating system, it is required to link a Microsoft account. Since October 2025 local accounts cannot be created and Microsoft has blocked the ways to bypass the Microsoft account requirement.
*In order to use the operating system, it is required to link a Microsoft account. Since October 2025 local accounts cannot be created and Microsoft has blocked ways to bypass the Microsoft account requirement.


*Updates are forced and cannot be disabled, only postponed by default. They can only be disabled with third-party tools. Some settings and preferences set by the user are modified after applying updates. A very known case of this happening is the modification of the default browser preferences to [[Microsoft Edge]] if the user has set other web browser instead.
*Updates are forced and cannot be disabled, only postponed by default. They can only be disabled with third-party tools. Some settings and preferences set by the user are modified after applying updates. A very known case of this happening is the modification of the default browser preferences to [[Microsoft Edge]] if the user has set another default web browser instead.


*BitLocker drive encryption is forced and there are known incidents of users permanently losing their data. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Sayan |date=1 May 2025 |title=Windows 11 users reportedly losing data due to Microsoft's forced BitLocker encryption |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/windows-11-users-reportedly-losing-data-due-to-microsofts-forced-bitlocker-encryption/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.is/69uPN |archive-date=2025-05-02 |access-date=9 Mar 2026 |website=Neowin}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasir|first=Hassam |date=19 Oct 2025 |title=BitLocker reportedly auto-locks users' backup drives, causing loss of 3TB of valuable data — Windows automatic disk encryption can permanently lock your drives |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/software/windows/bitlocker-reportedly-auto-locks-users-backup-drives-causing-loss-of-3tb-of-valuable-data-windows-automatic-disk-encryption-can-permanently-lock-your-drives |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.is/0ixWF |archive-date=2025-10-20 |access-date=9 Mar 2026 |website=Tom's Hardware}}</ref>
*BitLocker drive encryption is forced and there are known incidents of users permanently losing their data. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Sayan |date=1 May 2025 |title=Windows 11 users reportedly losing data due to Microsoft's forced BitLocker encryption |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/windows-11-users-reportedly-losing-data-due-to-microsofts-forced-bitlocker-encryption/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.is/69uPN |archive-date=2025-05-02 |access-date=9 Mar 2026 |website=Neowin}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasir|first=Hassam |date=19 Oct 2025 |title=BitLocker reportedly auto-locks users' backup drives, causing loss of 3TB of valuable data — Windows automatic disk encryption can permanently lock your drives |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/software/windows/bitlocker-reportedly-auto-locks-users-backup-drives-causing-loss-of-3tb-of-valuable-data-windows-automatic-disk-encryption-can-permanently-lock-your-drives |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.is/0ixWF |archive-date=2025-10-20 |access-date=9 Mar 2026 |website=Tom's Hardware}}</ref>


*Like Windows 10, [[OneDrive]] synchronization is active by default. The File Explorer redirects the local file shortcuts to the OneDrive file addresses.
*Like with Windows 10, [[OneDrive]] synchronization is active by default. The File Explorer redirects the local file shortcuts to the OneDrive file addresses.


===User Privacy===
===User privacy===
Telemetry is active by default and cannot be completely disabled without using third-party tools.
*Telemetry is active by default and cannot be completely disabled without using third-party tools.
Microsoft Copilot application setting of using user's data to train AI models is active by default {{Citation needed}}
*Due to a Microsoft account being officially required to run Windows 11, the privacy policy of Microsoft's account related services also partially apply to Windows 11.


===Business Model===
===Business model===
Windows comes pre-installed on most of current new desktop computers.
*Windows comes pre-installed on most of the computers and laptops sold to consumers and businesses.
*The operating system license can also be acquired by an one-time purchase.
*Windows 11 contains [[bloatware]], such as [[Microsoft Copilot]] and [[Microsoft Edge]] that cannot be uninstalled without specialized tools.
*System tools such as Settings or File Explorer contain integrated ads for Microsoft software and services.
**Ads can also appear on the lock screen, notifications, start menu and on the desktop.


The operating system license can also be acquired by an one-time purchase.
===Market control===
 
Windows 11 is installed on more than 30% of all computers world wide. <ref>{{Cite web |last=StatCounter |date=2025-07-01 |title=Desktop Windows Market Share Worldwide |url=https://gs.statcounter.com/windows-version-market-share/desktop/worldwide |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720124002/https://gs.statcounter.com/windows-version-market-share/desktop/worldwide |archive-date=2025-07-20 |access-date=2025-08-17}}</ref> Windows 11 collects user data including but not limited to hardware specs, apps and drivers installed on the device, app activity, device settings and configuration, web browser history, etc. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Microsoft Corporation |date=2025-04-01 |title=Data Collection Summary for WIndows |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/privacy/data-collection-windows |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729153757/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/privacy/data-collection-Windows |archive-date=2025-07-29 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Microsoft}}</ref>
Windows 11 contains [[bloatware]], such as [[Microsoft Copilot]] and [[Microsoft Edge]] that cannot be uninstalled without specialized tools.
System tools such as Settings or File Explorer contain integrated ads about Microsoft software and services.
Ads can also appear on the lock screen, notifications and the desktop.
===Market Control===
Windows 11 is installed on more than 30% of all computers world wide. <ref>{{Cite web |last=StatCounter |date=2025-07-01 |title=Desktop Windows Market Share Worldwide |url=https://gs.statcounter.com/windows-version-market-share/desktop/worldwide |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720124002/https://gs.statcounter.com/windows-version-market-share/desktop/worldwide |archive-date=2025-07-20 |access-date=2025-08-17}}</ref> Windows 11 collects user data including but not limited to hardware specs, apps and drivers installed on the device, app activity, device settings and configuration, web browser history, etc. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Microsoft Corporation |date=2025-04-01 |title=Data Collection Summary for WIndows |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/privacy/data-collection-windows |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729153757/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/privacy/data-collection-Windows |archive-date=2025-07-29 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Microsoft}}</ref>


==Incidents==
==Incidents==
This is a list of all consumer-protection incidents this company is involved in. Any incidents not mentioned here can be found in the [[:Category:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}} category]].
This is a list of all consumer-protection incidents this company is involved in. Any incidents not mentioned here can be found in the [[:Category:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}} category]].


===Unstable & forced updates===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Following the update form of Windows 10, Windows 11 updates are also forced and the system settings only allow them to be postponed, without having any official form to disable them. They're frequent, usually happening once per month.<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=Microsoft |date=27 Mar 2025 |title=Update release cycle for Windows clients |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/deployment/update/release-cycle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260314163711/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/release-cycle |archive-date=2026-03-14 |access-date=14 Mar 2026 |website=Microsoft Learn}}</ref> The way that updates are deployed, without allowing to use the OS while it is updating, have caused several users to be unable to use their computers when they need to work, do a project, or even when they're in a critical situation. {{Citation needed}}
|+
 
!Incident
Windows users have also reported several times issues and bugs with the recent updates, that vary from minor issues to major issues that can lead the system to become unusable.
!Year
 
!Info
Some documented problematic updates include:
!Aftermath
!Related Article
|-
|Unstable & forced updates
|2021 - 2026
|Forced updates that are released roughly every month tend to contain massive issues and sometimes don't actually include said update in the update. Multiple of these forced updates have caused businesses to temporarily go offline and have caused data losses for users of Windows 11.
|More users skip out on updates leaving devices vulnerable to hackers and some updates have caused irreversible data and profit losses.
|[[Microsoft Windows 11 instability and forced updates]]
|-
|Unnecessary Hardware Requirements
|2021-2026
|When users tried switching from Windows 10 to 11, they sometimes couldn't due to the strict hardware requirements. One peculiar instance of this is the TPM 2.0 requirement. Older hardware that could run Windows 11 fine without this requirement was suddenly locked out, even the more recent hardware released before 2018 was suddenly incapable of running Windows 11, either entirely or just without a BIOS update. Due to most users not knowing about this specific requirement and due to most users not knowing how to meet this requirement, a lot of perfectly fine hardware got tossed out.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enable TPM 2.0 on your PC - Microsoft Support |url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/enable-tpm-2-0-on-your-pc-1fd5a332-360d-4f46-a1e7-ae6b0c90645c |url-status=live |website=Microsoft Support}}</ref>


*Minor update '''24H2 KB5063878''', released on August 12 2025. This update affected some SSD drives by severely corrupting them. This corruption in some cases caused data losses that ended in unrecoverable files. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Cale |date=24 Aug 2025 |title=Reports say Windows 11 update is bricking drives — is yours on the list? |url=https://www.windowscentral.com/microsoft/windows-11/reports-say-windows-11-update-is-bricking-drives-is-yours-on-the-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260309042734/https://www.windowscentral.com/microsoft/windows-11/reports-say-windows-11-update-is-bricking-drives-is-yours-on-the-list |archive-date=2026-03-09 |access-date=9 Mar 2026 |website=Windows Central}}</ref>
TPM 2.0 only protects users from advanced physical attacks that an every day user would never encounter in real life, due to the hardware needing to be stolen for such hacks to be feasible. For an every day user, this requirement made good hardware unusable on modern Windows without having a good reason for doing so. As TPM 1.2 was supported by most older hardware and had encryption that met most peoples security needs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brant |first=Tom |date=21 Jan 2025 |title=What Is a TPM, and Why Do I Need One for Windows 11? {{!}} PCMag |url=https://www.pcmag.com/explainers/what-is-a-tpm-and-why-do-i-need-one-for-windows-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.is/85hhk |archive-date=25 Feb 2024 |access-date=9 May 2026 |website=PCMag}}</ref>


*An update on December 2025 caused core features issues on many computers, with several users complaining about this. Microsoft admitted later this update was problematic. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalton |first=Theo |date=8 Dec 2025 |title=Microsoft finally admits almost all major Windows 11 core features are broken |url=https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/discussions/windows11/microsoft-finally-admits-almost-all-major-windows-11-core-features-are-broken/4475930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260309033645/https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/discussions/windows11/microsoft-finally-admits-almost-all-major-windows-11-core-features-are-broken/4475930 |archive-date=2026-03-09|access-date=9 Mar 2026 |website=Microsoft Community Hub}}</ref>
This requirement was especially weird due to it only being needed for optional security features like BitLocker.
|Perfectly fine and usable hardware was thrown out, causing a large-scale e-waste event, mostly impacting businesses and schools that rely on Windows.
|-
|Microsoft Copilot integration
|2025-2026
|[[Microsoft Copilot]] is a generative Artificial Intelligence model developed by Microsoft.
In recent releases of Windows 11, Microsoft has decided to integrate its AI assistant, '''Copilot''', directly into the operating system through a dedicated Copilot key, a Copilot shortcut combination and through direct integrations into system apps and Microsoft's Office suit.


*Update '''KB5077181''', released on February 11 2026. This update affected some Samsung computers, making them unable to access to the C:\ drive. If someone attempted to access to this drive, the system launched an error message containing "C:\ is not accessible – Access denied". This glitch also affected the ability to launch programs and perform administrative tasks. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Batt |first=Simon |date=13 Mar 2026 |title=A nasty Windows 11 bug is causing the C drive to become inaccessible in select devices, says Microsoft |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/windows-11-c-is-not-accessible-access-denied-bug/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260314042240/https://www.xda-developers.com/windows-11-c-is-not-accessible-access-denied-bug/ |archive-date=2026-03-14 |access-date=14 Mar 2026 |website=XDA}}</ref>
This late integration of Copilot adds in another hard to remove app that many users consider 'bloatware'. It also changes system apps like Notepad to have Copilot included in them, which makes removing this new Microsoft product from Windows 11 even harder. The way Copilot is handled in Windows 11 bears a resemblance to how Microsoft handled Internet Explorer in the '90s, mostly in the way that Microsoft is using their market dominance on operating systems to push their own additional digital products forward into the faces of consumers.
| Windows 11 devices have more integrated 'bloatware' and schools struggle more with preventing students from using AI chat bots, as they are now integrated in apps used for schoolwork, like Microsoft Word and PowerPoint.
|-
|Windows Recall
|2024-2025
|In 2024, Microsoft unveiled ''Recall'' for ''Copilot+ PCs'', marketed as a way for users to search through what they have done on their computer by recording their screen. This sparked controversy,<ref>[https://www.techradar.com/computing/windows/microsofts-controversial-recall-feature-for-windows-11-could-already-be-in-legal-hot-water "Microsoft’s controversial Recall feature for Windows 11 could already be in legal hot water"] - techradar.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251002141424/https://www.techradar.com/computing/windows/microsofts-controversial-recall-feature-for-windows-11-could-already-be-in-legal-hot-water Archived])</ref> especially among security experts<ref>[https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/feature/Privacy-and-security-risks-surrounding-Microsoft-Recall "Privacy and security risks surrounding Microsoft Recall"] - techtarget.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251209084156/https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/feature/Privacy-and-security-risks-surrounding-Microsoft-Recall Archived])</ref> who worried about the security of screenshots,<ref>[https://news.sky.com/story/microsoft-ai-feature-investigated-by-uk-watchdog-over-screenshots-13141171 "Microsoft AI feature investigated by UK watchdog over screenshots"] - news.sky.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251002141809/https://news.sky.com/story/microsoft-ai-feature-investigated-by-uk-watchdog-over-screenshots-13141171 Archived])</ref> since it could easily document private information like social-security numbers, bank-account information, and passwords, as well as user browsing behavior. A ''Python'' script was developed, called "''TotalRecall''", that collects the screenshots and descriptions of these recordings,<ref>[https://github.com/xaitax/TotalRecall "TotalRecall - a 'privacy nightmare'?"] - github.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251202013433/https://github.com/xaitax/TotalRecall Archived])</ref> proving the danger of ''Recall''.


These combined factors have causes users to respond in several ways, from complaining about the OS and how Microsoft handles it<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Joe |date=25 Nov 2025 |title=Windows 11 has become INCREASINGLY unstable |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/5635937/windows-11-has-become-increasingly-unstable |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107122136/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/5635937/windows-11-has-become-increasingly-unstable |archive-date=2026-01-07 |access-date=9 Mar 2026 |website=Microsoft Learn}}</ref>, by blocking updates with third-party tools such as [https://winaerotweaker.com/ WinAeroTweaker] to prevent the forced and problematic updates despite the risks of doing so <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rozario |first=Hamlin |date=25 Feb 2026|title=I stopped updating Windows immediately — here's how long I wait now |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/i-stopped-updating-windows-immediately/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260227172743/https://www.xda-developers.com/i-stopped-updating-windows-immediately/ |archive-date=2026-02-27 |access-date=9 Mar 2026 |website=XDA}}</ref>, or even by migrating to modified or unsupported versions of Windows or to other operating systems such as Linux. {{Citation needed}}
This feature was delayed after backlash from users.<ref>[https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2024/06/microsoft-recall-delayed-after-privacy-and-security-concerns "Microsoft Recall delayed after privacy and security concerns"] - malwarebytes.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251229124341/https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2024/06/microsoft-recall-delayed-after-privacy-and-security-concerns Archived])</ref>


===Microsoft Copilot integration===
In 2025, Microsoft re-released ''Recall'',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davenport |first=Corbin |date=Apr 25, 2025 |title=Windows Recall Is Finally Rolling Out After Controversial Reveal |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/windows-recall-is-finally-rolling-out-after-controversal-release/ |access-date=Jun 20, 2025 |work=How to Geek |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260218203614/https://www.howtogeek.com/windows-recall-is-finally-rolling-out-after-controversal-release/ |archive-date=18 Feb 2026}}</ref> with claims that the tool has resolved the security flaws and it coming disabled by default.<ref>{{Cite news |last=LeClair |first=Dave |date=Apr 11, 2025 |title=Microsoft Recall is rolling out following major controversy — what you need to know |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/microsoft-recall-is-coming-for-real-this-time |access-date=Jun 20, 2025 |work=Tom's Guide |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251119223853/https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/microsoft-recall-is-coming-for-real-this-time |archive-date=19 Nov 2025}}</ref> However, despite integrating better security, having this feature enabled continues to pose privacy risks for consumers, as it is only a matter of when a vulnerability is discovered for the problems both consumers and businesses initially had with the tool to resurface,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Nick |date=May 5, 2025 |title=Turn Off Windows' Recall to Protect Your Privacy |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/how-to-disable-recall/ |access-date=Jun 20, 2025 |work=How to Geek |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260110141040/https://www.howtogeek.com/how-to-disable-recall/ |archive-date=10 Jan 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Piltch |first=Avram |date=2025-08-01 |title=Tested: Microsoft Recall can still capture credit cards and passwords, a treasure trove for crooks |url=https://www.theregister.com/2025/08/01/microsoft_recall_captures_credit_card_info/ |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=The Register |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251218063254/https://www.theregister.com/2025/08/01/microsoft_recall_captures_credit_card_info/ |archive-date=18 Dec 2025}}</ref> especially since it is difficult for users to inspect the screenshots that are taken by the tool.
[[Microsoft Copilot]] is a generative Artificial Intelligence model developed by Microsoft.  
|Users lost trust in Microsoft's privacy features and Microsoft Recall's release got delayed by roughly one year.
In recent releases of Windows 11, Microsoft has decided to integrate its AI assistant, '''Copilot''', directly into the operating system.
|[[Microsoft Copilot's recall feature]]
|-
| Windows 11 requires a Microsoft Account to use
| 2021 - 2026
| Versions of Windows 11 Pro for personal use and Windows 11 Home require internet connectivity and a Microsoft account (see [[Forced account]]) during setup.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Microsoft Corporation |date=2025-08-17 |title=Windows 11 Specs and System Requirements |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-11-specifications?r=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817084049/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-11-specifications?r=1#expand |archive-date=2025-08-17 |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=Microsoft Corporation}}</ref> This prevents users from setting up the software without the internet, and prevents users from setting up a completely offline installation of Windows, even though the operating system can function without an internet connection. When Microsoft stops offering compatible accounts, Windows 11 will no longer be installable.  Workarounds existed to set up Windows without a Microsoft account.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |date=2022-05-15 |title=Set up Windows 11 without internet |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/2350856/set-up-windows-11-without-internet-oobebypassnro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725113800/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/2350856/set-up-windows-11-without-internet-oobebypassnro?forum=insider-all&referrer=answers |archive-date=2025-07-25 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Microsoft Learn}}</ref> In October 2025, Microsoft announced they would be removing mechanisms to bypass the Microsoft account setup during the "out of box experience" (OOBE) process. Microsoft claims that these bypass methods were skipping "critical setup screens" despite most users having no issues with these workarounds. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Langowski |first=Amanda |date=2025-10-06 |title=Announcing Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 26220.6772 (Dev Channel) |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2025/10/06/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-26220-6772-dev-channel/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009102813/https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2025/10/06/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-26220-6772-dev-channel/ |archive-date=2025-10-09 |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Windows Blogs}}</ref>
|PC's cannot officially be setup if the user doesn't have an internet connection. This can cause issues on newer build PC's as they may not have the necessary drivers installed for the user to get an internet connection, which over-complicates the setting-up process for many users.
|-
|Poorly disclosed data encryption
|2021-2026
|Computers running Windows 11 with Microsoft Account are set to automatically enable BitLocker<ref>{{Cite web |last=Microsoft Corporation |date=2024-05-24 |title=Bitlocker automatic activation |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-bitlocker |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260127032356/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-bitlocker |archive-date=27 Jan 2026}}</ref> which encrypts all data on internal disks, leaving key for decryption in owners Microsoft [https://myaccount.microsoft.com/device-list My Account device list] without explicitly informing the owner of doing so. Updating BIOS or hardware manipulation may lead to triggering BitLocker and leaving computer in recovery mode if BitLocker is not suspended beforehand. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Microsoft Corporation |date=2025-01-15 |title=Suspend Bitlocker |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/windows-security/suspend-bitlocker-protection-non-microsoft-updates |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260102043425/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/windows-security/suspend-bitlocker-protection-non-microsoft-updates |archive-date=2 Jan 2026}}</ref> This process can leave owner with seemingly bricked device, especially if owners Microsoft Account was created and used only to satisfy Windows 11s requirement for Microsoft Accounts during OOBE. If key hidden in Microsoft Account is not provided, erasing encrypted disks and reinstalling operating system is recommended. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |date=2023-03-01 |title=Microsoft Learn - Lost Bitlocker Recovery Key |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/4176032/i-dont-have-my-bitlocker-code-and-i-cant-reset-win |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251018001915/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/4176032/i-dont-have-my-bitlocker-code-and-i-cant-reset-win |archive-date=18 Oct 2025}}</ref>
|This poorly disclosed data encryption has caused multiple users to loose access to their files in certain scenario's due to them not having the decryption keys as they didn't know that BitLocker was activated.
|-
|Misleading presentation of Microsoft OneDrive
|2021-2026
|Windows explorer has a button which is misleadingly labeled to "back up" files.  Instead of backing them up, it sends the files to OneDrive, Microsofts own cloud service. If the file is deleted, OneDrive deletes the online copy too, which contradicts the whole point of backing up files. If OneDrive runs out of space, it is likely to lose the backed up files. If you try to disable or remove OneDrive, Windows will push you to re-enable it. It takes several steps to stop Windows from advertising OneDrive to the user. 
|Users have lost data due to OneDrives odd back-up system that was poorly disclosed.
|[[OneDrive]]
|-
|Forced App Installations
|2021-2026
|Windows 11 has been criticized for pushing Edge installations through Windows updates, even when users had previously removed or replaced the browser. The browser gets reinstalled after an update due to the browser update programs being listed as system services, which get reactivated after updating.<ref>https://learn.microsoft.com/en-my/answers/questions/5727874/how-do-i-prevent-edge-from-reinstalling-itself ([https://web.archive.org/web/20260503110346/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-my/answers/questions/5727874/how-do-i-prevent-edge-from-reinstalling-itself archive])</ref>
|Users experience worse performance due to this 'bloatware' and try to use sometimes infected 3rd party software to remove some of the bloatware. This controversy has also resulted in more people switching away from Windows 11 towards Linux-based operating systems.
|[[Microsoft Edge]]
|-
|Difficult Browser Switching
|2021-2022
|When Windows 11 first launched, Microsoft made it much harder for users to move away from Microsoft Edge. On older versions of Windows, users could switch their default browser through one setting. Windows 11 changed this by forcing users to manually switch the default browser for the opening of all file types that default to Edge, like the '.pdf' and '.html' file extensions.


This integration has raised concerns among consumer rights advocates, who argue that users are given limited control over the feature and its data collection practices. Critics claim that Copilot’s presence, often enabled by default and not easily removable, undermines user choice and privacy. Supporters, however, contend that the tool enhances productivity and reflects the growing role of artificial intelligence in everyday computing. The debate highlights broader issues regarding software autonomy, informed consent, and the extent to which technology companies can embed proprietary services into essential consumer platforms.
This controversial change was reverted in April of 2022.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220418003606/https://www.windowslatest.com/2022/04/18/microsoft-reverts-outrageous-windows-11-default-browser-change-for-everyone/</ref> The reverting of this policy happened due to the Digital Markets Act coming into effect in 2022/2023 inside of the EU.<ref>https://www.privacyworld.blog/2022/10/dma-eu-publishes-the-new-digital-markets-act/</ref>
|Windows 11 was received very negatively by power-users on release and still is in-part thanks to this controversy.
|-
|Secretly Limiting User Control
|2024-2026
|In 2024 Microsoft, without telling users, added an additional driver known as 'UCPD', which is short for User Choice Protection Driver. This driver blocks registry key edits related to choices made through official Microsoft apps from being changed through things like the Registry Editor or 3rd party apps. This driver is partially designed to stop applications from changing user preferences without asking for permission, it however also limits power users from doing certain things like removing Edge.


===Windows Recall===
This driver is thus mostly noticed by users due to it making the removal of Windows apps like Edge harder. But it also makes the automated disabling of unpopular Windows features harder and it locks the device region. The device region lock was implemented to prevent users from changing their device region so they could remove Edge, as in the EU, thanks to the Digital Markets Act, Edge can be removed through the settings app.
{{Main|Microsoft Copilot's recall feature}}
In 2024, Microsoft unveiled ''Recall'' for ''Copilot+ PCs'', marketed as a way for users to search through what they have done on their computer by recording their screen. This sparked controversy,<ref>[https://www.techradar.com/computing/windows/microsofts-controversial-recall-feature-for-windows-11-could-already-be-in-legal-hot-water "Microsoft’s controversial Recall feature for Windows 11 could already be in legal hot water"] - techradar.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251002141424/https://www.techradar.com/computing/windows/microsofts-controversial-recall-feature-for-windows-11-could-already-be-in-legal-hot-water Archived])</ref> especially among security experts<ref>[https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/feature/Privacy-and-security-risks-surrounding-Microsoft-Recall "Privacy and security risks surrounding Microsoft Recall"] - techtarget.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251209084156/https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/feature/Privacy-and-security-risks-surrounding-Microsoft-Recall Archived])</ref> who worried about the security of screenshots,<ref>[https://news.sky.com/story/microsoft-ai-feature-investigated-by-uk-watchdog-over-screenshots-13141171 "Microsoft AI feature investigated by UK watchdog over screenshots"] - news.sky.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251002141809/https://news.sky.com/story/microsoft-ai-feature-investigated-by-uk-watchdog-over-screenshots-13141171 Archived])</ref> since it could easily document private information like social-security numbers, bank-account information, and passwords, as well as user browsing behavior. A ''Python'' script was developed, called "''TotalRecall''", that collects the screenshots and descriptions of these recordings,<ref>[https://github.com/xaitax/TotalRecall "TotalRecall - a 'privacy nightmare'?"] - github.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251202013433/https://github.com/xaitax/TotalRecall Archived])</ref> proving the danger of ''Recall''. This feature was delayed after backlash from users.<ref>[https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2024/06/microsoft-recall-delayed-after-privacy-and-security-concerns "Microsoft Recall delayed after privacy and security concerns"] - malwarebytes.com - accessed 2025-01-29 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251229124341/https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2024/06/microsoft-recall-delayed-after-privacy-and-security-concerns Archived])</ref>


In 2025, Microsoft re-released ''Recall'',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davenport |first=Corbin |date=Apr 25, 2025 |title=Windows Recall Is Finally Rolling Out After Controversal Reveal |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/windows-recall-is-finally-rolling-out-after-controversal-release/ |access-date=Jun 20, 2025 |work=How to Geek |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260218203614/https://www.howtogeek.com/windows-recall-is-finally-rolling-out-after-controversal-release/ |archive-date=18 Feb 2026}}</ref> with claims that the tool has resolved the security flaws and it coming disabled by default.<ref>{{Cite news |last=LeClair |first=Dave |date=Apr 11, 2025 |title=Microsoft Recall is rolling out following major controversy — what you need to know |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/microsoft-recall-is-coming-for-real-this-time |access-date=Jun 20, 2025 |work=Tom's Guide |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251119223853/https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/microsoft-recall-is-coming-for-real-this-time |archive-date=19 Nov 2025}}</ref> However, despite integrating better security, having this feature enabled continues to pose privacy risks for consumers, as it is only a matter of when a vulnerability is discovered for the problems both consumers and businesses initially had with the tool to resurface,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Nick |date=May 5, 2025 |title=Turn Off Windows' Recall to Protect Your Privacy |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/how-to-disable-recall/ |access-date=Jun 20, 2025 |work=How to Geek |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260110141040/https://www.howtogeek.com/how-to-disable-recall/ |archive-date=10 Jan 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Piltch |first=Avram |date=2025-08-01 |title=Tested: Microsoft Recall can still capture credit cards and passwords, a treasure trove for crooks |url=https://www.theregister.com/2025/08/01/microsoft_recall_captures_credit_card_info/ |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=The Register |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251218063254/https://www.theregister.com/2025/08/01/microsoft_recall_captures_credit_card_info/ |archive-date=18 Dec 2025}}</ref> especially since it is difficult for users to inspect the screenshots that are taken by the tool.
An additional function related to the UCPD driver rubbed salt in the wound for many power users, due to said function after two reboots turning the UCPD driver back on after being manually disabled by the user. Which makes disabling this driver a lot more challenging.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQUYh4iKsB0</ref><ref>https://binary.ninja/2025/03/25/default-browser-upcd.html</ref>
|Users struggle with removing bloatware like the aforementioned Microsoft Edge.
|-
|Microsoft Bing Wallpaper
|2025-2026
|Bing Wallpaper is a free-to-download app on the Microsoft Store that displays a daily rotation of wallpapers for Windows 11 computers.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Explore the world one photo at a time {{!}} Bing Wallpaper |url=https://www.bing.com/apps/wallpaper?pc=w011&brand=bing |url-status=live |access-date=20 Feb 2026 |website=Bing}} ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260116071012/https://www.bing.com/apps/wallpaper?brand=bing&pc=w011 Archived])</ref> By default, an option is toggled in its settings to automatically open Bing and search for the wallpaper's contents whenever one clicks somewhere on their desktop that doesn't contain an icon and place a permanent window on top of one's wallpaper to learn more. This option must be manually switched off in a setting at the bottom of the options page.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M B |first=Abhijith |date=26 Oct 2025 |title=Windows 11’s Bing Wallpaper app opens Bing.com if you click anywhere on the desktop |url=https://www.windowslatest.com/2025/10/26/windows-11s-bing-wallpaper-app-opens-bing-com-if-you-click-anywhere-on-the-desktop/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 Feb 2026 |website=Windows Latest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251215022522/https://www.windowslatest.com/2025/10/26/windows-11s-bing-wallpaper-app-opens-bing-com-if-you-click-anywhere-on-the-desktop/ |archive-date=15 Dec 2025}}</ref> Along with this, it reportedly replaces one's default search engine with Bing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allan |first=Darren |date=28 Oct 2025 |title=Microsoft sinks to new lows with Bing Wallpaper 'feature' in Windows 11 that'll either confuse or annoy you |url=https://www.techradar.com/computing/windows/microsoft-sinks-to-new-lows-with-bing-wallpaper-feature-in-windows-11-thatll-either-confuse-or-annoy-you |url-status=live |access-date=20 Feb 2026 |website=TechRadar |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251206100558/https://www.techradar.com/computing/windows/microsoft-sinks-to-new-lows-with-bing-wallpaper-feature-in-windows-11-thatll-either-confuse-or-annoy-you |archive-date=6 Dec 2025}}</ref>
|-
|BitLocker has a built-in backdoor
|2026
|On the 12th of May 2026, a security researcher going by the GitHub screen-name of 'Nightmare Eclipse' published a hacking tool known as 'YellowKey' that bypassed Microsoft's BitLocker encryption on Windows 11 and on Windows Server 2022 to 2025. What made this vulnerability different from others is that it was seemingly a built-in backdoor in the BitLocker encryption system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lakshmanan |first=Ravie |date=14 May 2026 |title=Windows Zero-Days Expose BitLocker Bypasses And CTFMON Privilege Escalation |url=https://thehackernews.com/2026/05/windows-zero-days-expose-bitlocker.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260514181052/https://thehackernews.com/2026/05/windows-zero-days-expose-bitlocker.html |archive-date=14 May 2026 |access-date=16 May 2026 |website=The Hacker News}}</ref>


===Windows 11 requires a Microsoft Account to use===
The believe of this vulnerability being an intentional backdoor comes from the fact that the exploit abuses a flaw in a component found in WinRE, also known as the Windows Recovery Environment. This is weird as the same component can be found in normal, non-recovery Windows installations, but in those versions the component does not have this vulnerability.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2026 |title=Nightmare-Eclipse/YellowKey: YellowKey Bitlocker Bypass Vulnerability |url=https://github.com/Nightmare-Eclipse/YellowKey |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260514013722/https://github.com/Nightmare-Eclipse/YellowKey |archive-date=14 May 2026 |access-date=16 May 2026 |website=GitHub}}</ref>
Versions of Windows 11 Pro for personal use and Windows 11 Home require internet connectivity and a Microsoft account (see [[Forced account]]) during setup.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Microsoft Corporation |date=2025-08-17 |title=Windows 11 Specs and System Requirements |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-11-specifications?r=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817084049/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-11-specifications?r=1#expand |archive-date=2025-08-17 |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=Microsoft Corporation}}</ref> This prevents users from setting up the software without the internet, and prevents users from setting up a completely offline installation of Windows, even though the operating system can function without an internet connection. When Microsoft stops offering compatible accounts, Windows 11 will no longer be installable.  Workarounds existed to set up Windows without a Microsoft account.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |date=2022-05-15 |title=Set up Windows 11 without internet |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/2350856/set-up-windows-11-without-internet-oobebypassnro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725113800/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/2350856/set-up-windows-11-without-internet-oobebypassnro?forum=insider-all&referrer=answers |archive-date=2025-07-25 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Microsoft Learn}}</ref> In October 2025, Microsoft announced they would be removing mechanisms to bypass the Microsoft account setup during the "out of box experience" (OOBE) process. Microsoft claims that these bypass methods were skipping "critical setup screens" despite most users having no issues with these workarounds. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Langowski |first=Amanda |date=2025-10-06 |title=Announcing Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 26220.6772 (Dev Channel) |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2025/10/06/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-26220-6772-dev-channel/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009102813/https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2025/10/06/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-26220-6772-dev-channel/ |archive-date=2025-10-09 |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Windows Blogs}}</ref>
|}


===Poorly disclosed data encryption===
==See also==
Computers running Windows 11 with Microsoft Account are set to automatically enable bitlocker<ref>{{Cite web |last=Microsoft Corporation |date=2024-05-24 |title=Bitlocker automatic activation |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-bitlocker |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260127032356/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-bitlocker |archive-date=27 Jan 2026}}</ref> which encrypts all data on internal disks, leaving key for decryption in owners Microsoft [https://myaccount.microsoft.com/device-list My Account device list] without explicitly informing the owner of doing so. Updating BIOS or hardware manipulation may lead to triggering bitlocker and leaving computer in recovery mode if bitlocker is not suspended beforehand. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Microsoft Corporation |date=2025-01-15 |title=Suspend Bitlocker |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/windows-security/suspend-bitlocker-protection-non-microsoft-updates |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260102043425/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/windows-security/suspend-bitlocker-protection-non-microsoft-updates |archive-date=2 Jan 2026}}</ref> This process can leave owner with seemingly bricked device, especially if owners Microsoft Account was created and used only to satisfy Windows 11s requirement for Microsoft Accounts during OOBE. If key hidden in Microsoft Account is not provided, erasing encrypted disks and reinstalling operating system is recommended. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |date=2023-03-01 |title=Microsoft Learn - Lost Bitlocker Recovery Key |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/4176032/i-dont-have-my-bitlocker-code-and-i-cant-reset-win |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251018001915/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/4176032/i-dont-have-my-bitlocker-code-and-i-cant-reset-win |archive-date=18 Oct 2025}}</ref>
*[[Microsoft Windows]]
 
===Misleading presentation of Microsoft OneDrive===
{{Main|OneDrive}}
Windows explorer has a button which is misleadingly labeled to "back up" files.  Instead of backing them up, it sends the files to OneDrive.  If the file is deleted, OneDrive deletes the online copy (a backup would preserve a file if it was deleted).  If OneDrive runs out of space, it is likely to lose files.  If you try to disable or remove OneDrive, Windows will push you to re-enable it.  It takes several steps to tell it not to advertise OneDrive. 
 
===Data Collection===
{{Main|Microsoft}}
 
Microsoft is known to sell users data to brokers and government agencies.
 
===Microsoft Bing Wallpaper===
Bing Wallpaper is a free-to-download app on the Microsoft Store that displays a daily rotation of wallpapers for Windows 11 computers.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Explore the world one photo at a time {{!}} Bing Wallpaper |url=https://www.bing.com/apps/wallpaper?pc=w011&brand=bing |url-status=live |access-date=20 Feb 2026 |website=Bing}} ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260116071012/https://www.bing.com/apps/wallpaper?brand=bing&pc=w011 Archived])</ref> By default, an option is toggled in its settings to automatically open Bing and search for the wallpaper's contents whenever one clicks somewhere on their desktop that doesn't contain an icon and place a permanent window on top of one's wallpaper to learn more. This option must be manually switched off in a setting at the bottom of the options page.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M B |first=Abhijith |date=26 Oct 2025 |title=Windows 11’s Bing Wallpaper app opens Bing.com if you click anywhere on the desktop |url=https://www.windowslatest.com/2025/10/26/windows-11s-bing-wallpaper-app-opens-bing-com-if-you-click-anywhere-on-the-desktop/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 Feb 2026 |website=Windows Latest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251215022522/https://www.windowslatest.com/2025/10/26/windows-11s-bing-wallpaper-app-opens-bing-com-if-you-click-anywhere-on-the-desktop/ |archive-date=15 Dec 2025}}</ref> Along with this, it reportedly replaces one's default search engine with Bing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allan |first=Darren |date=28 Oct 2025 |title=Microsoft sinks to new lows with Bing Wallpaper 'feature' in Windows 11 that'll either confuse or annoy you |url=https://www.techradar.com/computing/windows/microsoft-sinks-to-new-lows-with-bing-wallpaper-feature-in-windows-11-thatll-either-confuse-or-annoy-you |url-status=live |access-date=20 Feb 2026 |website=TechRadar |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251206100558/https://www.techradar.com/computing/windows/microsoft-sinks-to-new-lows-with-bing-wallpaper-feature-in-windows-11-thatll-either-confuse-or-annoy-you |archive-date=6 Dec 2025}}</ref>
 
 
 
 
==See Also==
*[[Microsoft Copilot]]
*[[Microsoft Copilot]]
*[[Microsoft Office 365]]
*[[Microsoft Office 365]]
*[[OneDrive]]
*[[OneDrive]]
*[[Bing]]
*[[Canonical|Ubuntu]]
==References==
==References==
<references />
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Windows 11]]
 
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[[Category:Operating systems]]
[[Category:Microsoft]]