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{{CompanyCargo
{{CompanyCargo
|Description=Polish manufacturer of railway rolling stock.
|Founded=1876
|Founded=1876
|Industry=Railway
|Industry=Railway
|Logo=Newag Group logo.svg
|ParentCompany=
|Type=Public
|Type=Public
|Website=https://www.newag.pl/
|Website=https://www.newag.pl/
|Description=The company produces locomotives and electric multiple unit powered rolling stocks.
}}
|Logo=Newag Group logo.svg}}


Newag is Polish producer of train rolling stock. Company was founded in 1876 on territory of Austro-Hungarian Empire and named as Imperial–Royal Railway Workshops. After two World Wars company was state owned and changed name to ZNTK Nowy Sącz. After financial troubles in 2001 some of company stocks owned by Polish government was bought in the year 2003. In the year 2005 company changed it's name to Newag.
'''{{wplink|Newag|Newag S.A.}}''' (pronounced ''"nevag"'') is a publicly traded Polish company based in {{wplink|Nowy Sącz}} that specializes in the production, maintenance, and modernization of railway rolling stock.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company factsheet |url=https://www.gpw.pl/company-factsheet?isin=PLNEWAG00012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260407160342/https://www.gpw.pl/company-factsheet?isin=PLNEWAG00012 |archive-date=7 Apr 2026 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=GPW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Company history |url=https://www.newag.pl/en/company/history/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250120130623/https://www.newag.pl/en/company/history/ |archive-date=20 Jan 2025 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=Newag}}</ref>
 
Their most notable products include the electric locomotive families '''Griffin''' and '''Dragon''', as well as the '''Impuls''' family of multiple units.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Griffin |url=https://www.newag.pl/en/offer/griffin/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250125122434/https://www.newag.pl/en/offer/griffin/ |archive-date=25 Jan 2025 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=Newag}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dragon |url=https://www.newag.pl/en/offer/dragon/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250209153246/https://www.newag.pl/en/offer/dragon/ |archive-date=9 Feb 2025 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=Newag}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Impuls |url=https://www.newag.pl/en/offer/impuls/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250112104016/https://www.newag.pl/en/offer/impuls/ |archive-date=12 Jan 2025 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=Newag}}</ref>
 
==Consumer impact summary==
 
====Repair restrictions====
In 2022, a regional Polish train operator commissioned third-party repair service SPS to complete maintenance on Impuls trains.<ref name="badcyber">{{Cite web |title=Dieselgate but for trains |url=https://badcyber.com/dieselgate-but-for-trains-some-heavyweight-hardware-hacking/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260222173559/https://badcyber.com/dieselgate-but-for-trains-some-heavyweight-hardware-hacking/ |archive-date=22 Feb 2026 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=Bad Cyber}}</ref> The trains reportedly failed to operate despite being mechanically functional. Allegations emerged that software mechanisms prevented operation following third-party servicing.
 
====Software lock mechanisms====
In 2023, cybersecurity researchers from Dragon Sector, hired by SPS, disclosed findings that software lock mechanisms had allegedly been embedded within Impuls trains.<ref name="ars">{{Cite web |title=Manufacturer deliberately bricked trains repaired by competitors, hackers find |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/12/manufacturer-deliberately-bricked-trains-repaired-by-competitors-hackers-find/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251105052028/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/12/manufacturer-deliberately-bricked-trains-repaired-by-competitors-hackers-find/ |archive-date=5 Nov 2025 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref>
 
Alleged mechanisms included:
 
*A “lack of movement timer” disabling trains after inactivity.
*Geofencing that disabled trains at competitor workshops.
*Serialization of CAN bus components.
*A date-based lock tied to servicing deadlines.
 
====Geofencing disruptions====
The geofencing mechanism was later alleged to have caused operational disruptions when trains passed near flagged GPS locations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=We’ve Not Been Trained For This |url=https://media.ccc.de/v/38c3-we-ve-not-been-trained-for-this-life-after-the-newag-drm-disclosure |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260116035645/https://media.ccc.de/v/38c3-we-ve-not-been-trained-for-this-life-after-the-newag-drm-disclosure |archive-date=16 Jan 2026 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=CCC}}</ref>
 
====Company response====
Newag denied the allegations, stating it had not introduced software locks and characterizing the reports as defamatory and damaging to its market position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Newag comes out fighting in claims over foul play |url=https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/newag-comes-out-fighting-in-claims-over-foul-play/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260216171632/https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/newag-comes-out-fighting-in-claims-over-foul-play/ |archive-date=16 Feb 2026 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=Rail Journal}}</ref>


==Incidents==
==Incidents==


=== 2023 Anti-competition GPS and time based software lockups [https://zaufanatrzeciastrona.pl/post/o-trzech-takich-co-zhakowali-prawdziwy-pociag-a-nawet-30-pociagow/] ===
This is a list of all consumer protection incidents this company is involved in. Any incidents not mentioned here can be found in the [[:Category:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}} category]].
In November of 2023 white-hat hacker group Dragon Sector revealed their findings regarding Newag Impuls rolling stock malfunctions. They were employed by SPS Mieczkowski (Serwis Pojazdów Szynowych Mieczkowski) to investigate issues they were having regarding repair of Newag Impuls trains. After getting access to debug port, copying contents of management computer and reverse engineering the result code, they found multiple flags that were tripped from zeroed values. After correcting those and reinserting the computer to the train it have returned to normal function. Then they proceed with analysis of the code. In their findings they presented multiple instances of GPS coordinates that were pointing to the competing service companies. After detecting extended stay at these coordinates (10 days) the train were to lock up and the only repair option was to send the train for service to producer facility. In the code of different computers the group also found parts serialization and arbitrary timed component malfunction. After these findings investigation and court case was initiated against the company and as of August 2025 they have not reached the conclusion.    
 
===2023 Anti-competition GPS and time based software lockups===
In December 2023 white-hat hacker group Dragon Sector revealed findings regarding Newag Impuls rolling stock malfunctions. They were employed by SPS Mieczkowski to investigate issues regarding repair of Impuls trains. After reverse engineering analysis, they reported discovering multiple software flags, GPS-based geofencing coordinates corresponding to competing service companies, parts serialization mechanisms, and timed lock conditions. Following disclosure, investigations and legal proceedings were initiated. As of August 2025, the matter has not reached conclusion.<ref name="ars" />
 
===2024 Lawsuit against SPS and Dragon Sector===
In August 2024 Newag Group launched a lawsuit against SPS and Dragon Sector. In this lawsuit Newag claims Dragon Sector exposed train passengers to danger by modifying code of train computers, while also alleging copyright infringement under EU Directive 2009/24/EC related to reverse engineering of software. As of August 2025 this lawsuit has not reached conclusion.


=== 2024 Lawsuit against SPS and Dragon Sector on grounds of copyright infringement  [https://www.ifixit.com/News/112008/polish-train-maker-is-suing-the-hackers-who-exposed-its-anti-repair-tricks][https://cyberdefence24.pl/polityka-i-prawo/newag-kontra-dragon-sector-i-sps-ruszyl-proces-o-naruszenie-praw-autorskich] ===
===Lawsuit reported by iFixit (July 2025)===
In August of 2024 Newag Group launched lawsuit against SPS and Dragon Sector group. In
On July 28, 2025, iFixit reported that Newag had initiated legal proceedings against members of Dragon Sector and SPS following their public disclosure of alleged software-based repair restrictions in Impuls trains.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 Jul 2025 |title=Polish Train Maker Is Suing the Hackers Who Exposed Its Anti-Repair Tricks |url=https://es.ifixit.com/News/112008/polish-train-maker-is-suing-the-hackers-who-exposed-its-anti-repair-tricks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260302202139/https://es.ifixit.com/News/112008/polish-train-maker-is-suing-the-hackers-who-exposed-its-anti-repair-tricks |archive-date=2026-03-02 |access-date=1 Mar 2026 |website=iFixit}}</ref>
 
The report states that the lawsuit includes allegations of copyright infringement related to reverse engineering and software modification. The case remains ongoing.


==See also==
==See also==
{{Ph-C-SA}}
 
*[[Leo Express]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references />


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Newag]]
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