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'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What3words What3Words]''' (W3W) is a proprietary geolocation system developed by What3Words Limited, assigning three-word combinations to 3×3 meter squares across the globe. It is marketed as a simple alternative to latitude/longitude for navigation, logistics, and emergency services. The system is entirely closed-source and is protected by patents, copyrighted wordlists, and trademarks.   
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What3words What3Words]''' (W3W) is a proprietary geolocation system developed by What3Words Limited, assigning three-word combinations to 3×3 meter squares across the globe. It is marketed as a simple alternative to latitude/longitude for navigation, logistics, and emergency services. The system is entirely closed-source and is protected by patents, copyrighted wordlists, and trademarks.   
Although widely promoted for consumer use, What3Words has been the subject of significant criticism from security researchers, mapping experts, emergency response professionals, and open-data advocates. Criticisms focus on its proprietary nature, licensing restrictions, algorithmic opacity, similarity-based errors in safety-critical contexts, and the company’s history of issuing legal threats against researchers who attempted to analyze or replicate the system.<ref name="tc2021">{{cite web|title=What3Words sent a legal threat to a security researcher for sharing an open-source project|author=Zach Whittaker|date=29 April 2021|publisher=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/04/30/what3words-legal-threat-whatfreewords/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250722052654/https://techcrunch.com/2021/04/30/what3words-legal-threat-whatfreewords/ |archive-date=22 Jul 2025}}</ref><ref name="bbc2021a">{{cite web|title=Rescuers question what3words' use in emergencies|author=Chris Vallance|date=31 May 2021|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57156797 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220180059/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57156797 |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref>
Although widely promoted for consumer use, What3Words has been the subject of significant criticism from security researchers, mapping experts, emergency response professionals, and open-data advocates. Criticisms focus on its proprietary nature, licensing restrictions, algorithmic opacity, similarity-based errors in safety-critical contexts, and the company’s history of issuing legal threats against researchers who attempted to analyze or replicate the system.<ref name="tc2021">{{cite web |author=Zach Whittaker |date=29 April 2021 |title=What3Words sent a legal threat to a security researcher for sharing an open-source project |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/04/30/what3words-legal-threat-whatfreewords/ |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250722052654/https://techcrunch.com/2021/04/30/what3words-legal-threat-whatfreewords/ |archive-date=22 Jul 2025 |publisher=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref><ref name="bbc2021a">{{cite web|title=Rescuers question what3words' use in emergencies|author=Chris Vallance|date=31 May 2021|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57156797 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220180059/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57156797 |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref>
==Consumer Impact Summary==
==Consumer Impact Summary==
*'''User Freedom:''' Limited; closed-source design, restrictive API license, and prohibitions on independent implementations.<ref name="osm">{{cite web|title=what3words codes in OSM|publisher=OpenStreetMap Wiki|url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/What3words |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251004212017/https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/What3words |archive-date=4 Oct 2025}}</ref>
*'''User Freedom:''' Limited; closed-source design, restrictive API license, and prohibitions on independent implementations.<ref name="osm">{{cite web|title=what3words codes in OSM|publisher=OpenStreetMap Wiki|url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/What3words |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251004212017/https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/What3words |archive-date=4 Oct 2025}}</ref>
*'''Transparency:''' Poor; the algorithm, wordlists, and error handling are not publicly auditable.
*'''Transparency:''' Poor; the algorithm, wordlists, and error handling are not publicly auditable.
*'''Business Model:''' Proprietary licensing, metered API access, and restrictions on redistribution of derived data.<ref name="api">{{cite web|title=API Licence Agreement|publisher=What3Words|date=17 April 2025|url=https://what3words.com/api-licence-agreement}}</ref>
*'''Business Model:''' Proprietary licensing, metered API access, and restrictions on redistribution of derived data.<ref name="api">{{cite web|title=API Licence Agreement|publisher=What3Words|date=17 April 2025|url=https://what3words.com/api-licence-agreement |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250926144708/https://what3words.com/api-licence-agreement |archive-date=26 Sep 2025}}</ref>
*'''Market Competition:''' Faces criticism compared to open alternatives such as Plus Codes, traditional coordinates, and Mapcodes.
*'''Market Competition:''' Faces criticism compared to open alternatives such as Plus Codes, traditional coordinates, and Mapcodes.
*'''Public Safety Impact:''' Mixed; documented cases of miscommunication and near-miss incidents have raised concern among emergency services.<ref name="bbc2021b">{{cite web|title=App used by emergency services under scrutiny|date=28 April 2021|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56901363 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251103120626/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56901363 |archive-date=3 Nov 2025}}</ref>
*'''Public Safety Impact:''' Mixed; documented cases of miscommunication and near-miss incidents have raised concern among emergency services.<ref name="bbc2021b">{{cite web|title=App used by emergency services under scrutiny|date=28 April 2021|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56901363 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251103120626/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56901363 |archive-date=3 Nov 2025}}</ref>