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A third concern is copyleft compliance. The slicer and firmware that drive most consumer printers are open-source projects under copyleft licenses. PrusaSlicer and Bambu Studio are released under the GNU Affero General Public License version 3 (AGPLv3), and the firmware projects Marlin and Klipper are released under the GNU General Public License version 3 (GPLv3).<ref name="prusaslicer-lic" /><ref name="bambustudio-lic" /><ref name="marlin-lic" /><ref name="klipper-lic" /> GPLv3 Section 6 requires a distributor of a consumer product to provide the ''"Installation Information"'' needed to install and run a modified version of the covered software on that product, and AGPLv3 Section 13 requires that users interacting with modified software over a network be offered its source.<ref name="gpl3" /><ref name="agpl3" /> Those source-disclosure obligations have been enforced against printer makers: in August 2018 the US distributor Printed Solid stopped selling Creality machines over an unreleased Marlin source violation, and on May 18, 2026 the Software Freedom Conservancy alleged that Bambu Lab violated AGPLv3 by combining Bambu Studio with a proprietary library.<ref name="hackaday-marlin" /><ref name="sfc-bambu" /> A separate dispute over compiled binary modules on Creality's K1 and K2 printers is documented in the [[Creality K2 series GPLv3 violation]] article.
A third concern is copyleft compliance. The slicer and firmware that drive most consumer printers are open-source projects under copyleft licenses. PrusaSlicer and Bambu Studio are released under the GNU Affero General Public License version 3 (AGPLv3), and the firmware projects Marlin and Klipper are released under the GNU General Public License version 3 (GPLv3).<ref name="prusaslicer-lic" /><ref name="bambustudio-lic" /><ref name="marlin-lic" /><ref name="klipper-lic" /> GPLv3 Section 6 requires a distributor of a consumer product to provide the ''"Installation Information"'' needed to install and run a modified version of the covered software on that product, and AGPLv3 Section 13 requires that users interacting with modified software over a network be offered its source.<ref name="gpl3" /><ref name="agpl3" /> Those source-disclosure obligations have been enforced against printer makers: in August 2018 the US distributor Printed Solid stopped selling Creality machines over an unreleased Marlin source violation, and on May 18, 2026 the Software Freedom Conservancy alleged that Bambu Lab violated AGPLv3 by combining Bambu Studio with a proprietary library.<ref name="hackaday-marlin" /><ref name="sfc-bambu" /> A separate dispute over compiled binary modules on Creality's K1 and K2 printers is documented in the [[Creality K2 series GPLv3 violation]] article.
Another concern is tracking and loss of privacy. Print&Go's "3D GUN'T" software to block printing firearm parts spells out this potential under "How does 3D GUN'T work?" <blockquote><big>3. Complete print traceability</big>
The system keeps a record of everything that's printed, including who printed it, what was printed, and even where they were when it was printed. If someone does manage to print a gun, the authorities will be able to '''identify and trace any instances''' of printing gun-related material.<ref name="printandgo" /></blockquote>While the system is aimed at tracking ''firearm'' parts, there is no regard given for any other use of 3D printers.


==Court cases==
==Court cases==
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<ref name="co-bill">{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=HB26-1144: Prohibit Three-Dimensional Printing Firearms and Components |url=https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/HB26-1144 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260523062248/https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/HB26-1144 |archive-date=2026-05-23 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Colorado General Assembly}}</ref>
<ref name="co-bill">{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=HB26-1144: Prohibit Three-Dimensional Printing Firearms and Components |url=https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/HB26-1144 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260523062248/https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/HB26-1144 |archive-date=2026-05-23 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Colorado General Assembly}}</ref>
<ref name="manhattanda">{{Cite web |author=Alvin L. Bragg, Jr. |date=2025-03-26 |title=Letter to Shenzhen Creality 3D Technology Co. |url=https://manhattanda.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Letter-Creality-3.26.25.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260319203332/https://manhattanda.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Letter-Creality-3.26.25.pdf |archive-date=2026-03-19 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=New York County District Attorney's Office}} The March 26, 2025 letter urges Creality to make firearm-detection software a default, remove gun blueprints from its cloud platform, and ban illicit-weapon files in its user agreement, and cites Print&GO's "3D GUN'T" software as a model.</ref>
<ref name="manhattanda">{{Cite web |author=Alvin L. Bragg, Jr. |date=2025-03-26 |title=Letter to Shenzhen Creality 3D Technology Co. |url=https://manhattanda.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Letter-Creality-3.26.25.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260319203332/https://manhattanda.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Letter-Creality-3.26.25.pdf |archive-date=2026-03-19 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=New York County District Attorney's Office}} The March 26, 2025 letter urges Creality to make firearm-detection software a default, remove gun blueprints from its cloud platform, and ban illicit-weapon files in its user agreement, and cites Print&GO's "3D GUN'T" software as a model.</ref>
<ref name="printandgo">{{Cite web |url=https://printandgo.tech/blog/3d-gunt-solution-to-prevent-3d-printed-ghost-guns |title=3D GUN'T: Print&Go's solution to prevent 3D printed 'Ghost Guns' |publisher=Print&Go |date=2024-11-04 |access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref>
<ref name="printandgo">{{Cite web |date=2024-11-04 |title=3D GUN'T: Print&Go's solution to prevent 3D printed 'Ghost Guns' |url=https://printandgo.tech/blog/3d-gunt-solution-to-prevent-3d-printed-ghost-guns |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209134212/https://printandgo.tech/blog/3d-gunt-solution-to-prevent-3d-printed-ghost-guns |archive-date=2026-02-09 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Print&Go}}</ref>
<ref name="saami">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-01 |title=What Is +P Ammo? |url=https://www.outdoorlife.com/guns/what-is-p-ammo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123194958/https://www.outdoorlife.com/guns/what-is-p-ammo/ |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Outdoor Life}} States the SAAMI maximum average pressure of 35,000 psi for the 9mm Luger cartridge.</ref>
<ref name="saami">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-01 |title=What Is +P Ammo? |url=https://www.outdoorlife.com/guns/what-is-p-ammo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123194958/https://www.outdoorlife.com/guns/what-is-p-ammo/ |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Outdoor Life}} States the SAAMI maximum average pressure of 35,000 psi for the 9mm Luger cartridge.</ref>
<ref name="smallarms">{{Cite web |author=N.R. Jenzen-Jones |date=2015 |title=Behind the Curve: New Technologies, New Control Challenges (Occasional Paper 32) |url=https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-OP32-Behind-the-Curve.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602071137/https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-OP32-Behind-the-Curve.pdf |archive-date=2026-06-02 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Small Arms Survey}} Page 68 states that the AR-15 lower receiver "is primarily intended to ensure the correct alignment and interface of the operating parts of the firearm, and to house the trigger and fire selector and safety mechanisms."</ref>
<ref name="smallarms">{{Cite web |author=N.R. Jenzen-Jones |date=2015 |title=Behind the Curve: New Technologies, New Control Challenges (Occasional Paper 32) |url=https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-OP32-Behind-the-Curve.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602071137/https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-OP32-Behind-the-Curve.pdf |archive-date=2026-06-02 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Small Arms Survey}} Page 68 states that the AR-15 lower receiver "is primarily intended to ensure the correct alignment and interface of the operating parts of the firearm, and to house the trigger and fire selector and safety mechanisms."</ref>
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<ref name="doj-pmf">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-16 |title=Justice Department Announces ATF's Publication of the Final Volume of the National Firearms Commerce and Trafficking Assessment |url=https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-atfs-publication-final-volume-national-firearms-commerce-and |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260524125526/https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-atfs-publication-final-volume-national-firearms-commerce-and |archive-date=2026-05-24 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=United States Department of Justice}} States that "Between 2017 and 2023, 92,702 suspected PMFs ... were recovered and reported."</ref>
<ref name="doj-pmf">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-16 |title=Justice Department Announces ATF's Publication of the Final Volume of the National Firearms Commerce and Trafficking Assessment |url=https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-atfs-publication-final-volume-national-firearms-commerce-and |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260524125526/https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-atfs-publication-final-volume-national-firearms-commerce-and |archive-date=2026-05-24 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=United States Department of Justice}} States that "Between 2017 and 2023, 92,702 suspected PMFs ... were recovered and reported."</ref>
<ref name="eff">{{Cite web |author=Rory Mir and Nathan Sheard |date=2026-04-16 |title=Stop New York's Attack on 3D Printing |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/stop-new-yorks-attack-3d-printing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520142339/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/stop-new-yorks-attack-3d-printing |archive-date=2026-05-20 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation}} Calls the requirement "an unfeasible tech solution," describes print-blocking "censorware" that "surveils every print," and writes that the approach repeats "the mistakes of DRM."</ref>
<ref name="eff">{{Cite web |author=Rory Mir and Nathan Sheard |date=2026-04-16 |title=Stop New York's Attack on 3D Printing |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/stop-new-yorks-attack-3d-printing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520142339/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/stop-new-yorks-attack-3d-printing |archive-date=2026-05-20 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation}} Calls the requirement "an unfeasible tech solution," describes print-blocking "censorware" that "surveils every print," and writes that the approach repeats "the mistakes of DRM."</ref>
<ref name="eff-permission">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/print-blocking-anti-consumer-permission-print-part-1 |title=Print Blocking is Anti-Consumer: Permission to Print Part 1 |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |date=2026-04-02 |access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref>
<ref name="eff-permission">{{Cite web |date=2026-04-02 |title=Print Blocking is Anti-Consumer: Permission to Print Part 1 |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/print-blocking-anti-consumer-permission-print-part-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260506014157/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/print-blocking-anti-consumer-permission-print-part-1 |archive-date=2026-05-06 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation}}</ref>
<ref name="techdirt">{{Cite web |author=Karl Bode |date=2026-02-19 |title=New York's New 3D Printing Law, As Written, Is Extremely Harmful And Annoying |url=https://www.techdirt.com/2026/02/19/new-yorks-new-3d-printing-law-as-written-is-extremely-harmful-and-annoying/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301081606/https://www.techdirt.com/2026/02/19/new-yorks-new-3d-printing-law-as-written-is-extremely-harmful-and-annoying/ |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Techdirt}} Reproduces Phillip Torrone of Adafruit on detection as "a classification problem with enormous false positive and false negative rates," on G-code as tool paths, and on the law reaching open-source firmware such as Marlin, Klipper, and RepRap and offline machines.</ref>
<ref name="techdirt">{{Cite web |author=Karl Bode |date=2026-02-19 |title=New York's New 3D Printing Law, As Written, Is Extremely Harmful And Annoying |url=https://www.techdirt.com/2026/02/19/new-yorks-new-3d-printing-law-as-written-is-extremely-harmful-and-annoying/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301081606/https://www.techdirt.com/2026/02/19/new-yorks-new-3d-printing-law-as-written-is-extremely-harmful-and-annoying/ |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Techdirt}} Reproduces Phillip Torrone of Adafruit on detection as "a classification problem with enormous false positive and false negative rates," on G-code as tool paths, and on the law reaching open-source firmware such as Marlin, Klipper, and RepRap and offline machines.</ref>
<ref name="baffle">{{Cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7987944B1 |title=US Patent 7,987,944 B1, Firearm sound suppressor baffle |publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office |date=2011-08-02 |access-date=2026-06-02}} Figures show a conical bell with a central aperture and a rear plate within an outer tube.</ref>
<ref name="baffle">{{Cite web |date=2011-08-02 |title=US Patent 7,987,944 B1, Firearm sound suppressor baffle |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7987944B1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260616223634/https://patents.google.com/patent/US7987944B1 |archive-date=2026-06-16 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office}} Figures show a conical bell with a central aperture and a rear plate within an outer tube.</ref>
<ref name="tesla">{{Cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US1329559A |title=US Patent 1,329,559, Valvular Conduit |author=Nikola Tesla |publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office |date=1920-02-03 |access-date=2026-06-02}} Drawings show internal cones that pass fluid one way and resist it the other.</ref>
<ref name="tesla">{{Cite web |author=Nikola Tesla |date=1920-02-03 |title=US Patent 1,329,559, Valvular Conduit |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US1329559A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260217162609/https://patents.google.com/patent/US1329559A |archive-date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office}} Drawings show internal cones that pass fluid one way and resist it the other.</ref>
<ref name="gpl3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html |title=GNU General Public License, version 3 |publisher=Free Software Foundation |date=2007-06-29 |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602103622/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html |archive-date=2026-06-02 |url-status=live}} Section 6 defines the Installation Information a distributor must provide with a User Product and defines a User Product to include a consumer product.</ref>
<ref name="gpl3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html |title=GNU General Public License, version 3 |publisher=Free Software Foundation |date=2007-06-29 |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602103622/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html |archive-date=2026-06-02 |url-status=live}} Section 6 defines the Installation Information a distributor must provide with a User Product and defines a User Product to include a consumer product.</ref>
<ref name="agpl3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html |title=GNU Affero General Public License, version 3 |publisher=Free Software Foundation |date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602064947/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html |archive-date=2026-06-02 |url-status=live}} Section 13 requires a modified version that supports remote network interaction to offer interacting users an opportunity to receive the Corresponding Source.</ref>
<ref name="agpl3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html |title=GNU Affero General Public License, version 3 |publisher=Free Software Foundation |date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602064947/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html |archive-date=2026-06-02 |url-status=live}} Section 13 requires a modified version that supports remote network interaction to offer interacting users an opportunity to receive the Corresponding Source.</ref>
<ref name="prusaslicer-lic">{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/blob/master/LICENSE |title=PrusaSlicer LICENSE file |publisher=Prusa Research (GitHub) |access-date=2026-06-02}} Identifies PrusaSlicer as licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0.</ref>
<ref name="prusaslicer-lic">{{Cite web |title=PrusaSlicer LICENSE file |url=https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/blob/master/LICENSE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520083703/https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/blob/master/LICENSE |archive-date=2026-05-20 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Prusa Research (GitHub)}} Identifies PrusaSlicer as licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0.</ref>
<ref name="bambustudio-lic">{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/bambulab/BambuStudio/blob/master/LICENSE |title=BambuStudio LICENSE file |publisher=Bambu Lab (GitHub) |access-date=2026-06-02}} Identifies bambulab/BambuStudio as licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0.</ref>
<ref name="bambustudio-lic">{{Cite web |title=BambuStudio LICENSE file |url=https://github.com/bambulab/BambuStudio/blob/master/LICENSE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202095911/https://github.com/bambulab/BambuStudio/blob/master/LICENSE |archive-date=2025-12-02 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Bambu Lab (GitHub)}} Identifies bambulab/BambuStudio as licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0.</ref>
<ref name="marlin-lic">{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/MarlinFirmware/Marlin/blob/2.1.x/LICENSE |title=Marlin LICENSE file |publisher=MarlinFirmware (GitHub) |access-date=2026-06-02}} Reproduces the GNU General Public License Version 3.</ref>
<ref name="marlin-lic">{{Cite web |title=Marlin LICENSE file |url=https://github.com/MarlinFirmware/Marlin/blob/2.1.x/LICENSE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260619170859/https://github.com/MarlinFirmware/Marlin/blob/2.1.x/LICENSE |archive-date=2026-06-19 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=MarlinFirmware (GitHub)}} Reproduces the GNU General Public License Version 3.</ref>
<ref name="klipper-lic">{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/Klipper3d/klipper/blob/master/COPYING |title=Klipper COPYING file |publisher=Klipper3d (GitHub) |access-date=2026-06-02}} Reproduces the GNU General Public License Version 3.</ref>
<ref name="klipper-lic">{{Cite web |title=Klipper COPYING file |url=https://github.com/Klipper3d/klipper/blob/master/COPYING |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260424183410/https://github.com/Klipper3d/klipper/blob/master/COPYING |archive-date=2026-04-24 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Klipper3d (GitHub)}} Reproduces the GNU General Public License Version 3.</ref>
<ref name="hackaday-marlin">{{Cite web |url=https://hackaday.com/2018/08/27/gpl-violations-cost-creality-a-us-distributor/ |title=GPL Violations Cost Creality A US Distributor |author=Tom Nardi |publisher=Hackaday |date=2018-08-27 |access-date=2026-06-02}} Reports that US distributor Printed Solid stopped selling Creality printers over unreleased Marlin (GPLv3) corresponding source on the CR-10 line.</ref>
<ref name="hackaday-marlin">{{Cite web |author=Tom Nardi |date=2018-08-27 |title=GPL Violations Cost Creality A US Distributor |url=https://hackaday.com/2018/08/27/gpl-violations-cost-creality-a-us-distributor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260526020512/https://hackaday.com/2018/08/27/gpl-violations-cost-creality-a-us-distributor/ |archive-date=2026-05-26 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Hackaday}} Reports that US distributor Printed Solid stopped selling Creality printers over unreleased Marlin (GPLv3) corresponding source on the CR-10 line.</ref>
<ref name="sfc-bambu">{{Cite web |url=https://sfconservancy.org/news/2026/may/18/bambu-studio-3d-printer-agpl-violation-response/ |title=Comprehensive Response to Bambu's AGPLv3 Violations |publisher=Software Freedom Conservancy |date=2026-05-18 |access-date=2026-06-02}} States that Bambu does not provide the complete Corresponding Source for Bambu Studio and combines it with a proprietary library.</ref>
<ref name="sfc-bambu">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-18 |title=Comprehensive Response to Bambu's AGPLv3 Violations |url=https://sfconservancy.org/news/2026/may/18/bambu-studio-3d-printer-agpl-violation-response/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260529194443/https://sfconservancy.org/news/2026/may/18/bambu-studio-3d-printer-agpl-violation-response/ |archive-date=2026-05-29 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Software Freedom Conservancy}} States that Bambu does not provide the complete Corresponding Source for Bambu Studio and combines it with a proprietary library.</ref>
<ref name="ca3">{{Cite web |url=https://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/233058p.pdf |title=Defense Distributed v. Attorney General New Jersey, No. 23-3058 |publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit |date=2026-02-12 |access-date=2026-06-02}} Page 30 states "Purely functional code with no expressive purpose, use, or intent is simply not covered by the First Amendment"; the court affirmed dismissal because the plaintiffs failed to plead that their files were expressive.</ref>
<ref name="ca3">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-12 |title=Defense Distributed v. Attorney General New Jersey, No. 23-3058 |url=https://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/233058p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605113746/https://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/233058p.pdf |archive-date=2026-06-05 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit}} Page 30 states "Purely functional code with no expressive purpose, use, or intent is simply not covered by the First Amendment"; the court affirmed dismissal because the plaintiffs failed to plead that their files were expressive.</ref>
<ref name="courthouse">{{Cite web |url=https://www.courthousenews.com/third-circuit-backs-new-jerseys-crackdown-on-3d-printed-gun-code/ |title=Third Circuit backs New Jersey's crackdown on 3D-printed gun code |publisher=Courthouse News Service |date=2026-02-12 |access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref>
<ref name="courthouse">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-12 |title=Third Circuit backs New Jersey's crackdown on 3D-printed gun code |url=https://www.courthousenews.com/third-circuit-backs-new-jerseys-crackdown-on-3d-printed-gun-code/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260603041032/https://www.courthousenews.com/third-circuit-backs-new-jerseys-crackdown-on-3d-printed-gun-code/ |archive-date=2026-06-03 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Courthouse News Service}}</ref>
<ref name="vanderstok">{{Cite web |url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/23-852_c07d.pdf |title=Bondi v. VanDerStok, No. 23-852 |publisher=Supreme Court of the United States |date=2025-03-26 |access-date=2026-06-02}} Page 7 states that "a frame or receiver is, even when sold separately, subject to the Act's requirements"; the Court upheld the ATF's 2022 frame-or-receiver rule.</ref>
<ref name="vanderstok">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-26 |title=Bondi v. VanDerStok, No. 23-852 |url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/23-852_c07d.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260525060613/https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/23-852_c07d.pdf |archive-date=2026-05-25 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Supreme Court of the United States}} Page 7 states that "a frame or receiver is, even when sold separately, subject to the Act's requirements"; the Court upheld the ATF's 2022 frame-or-receiver rule.</ref>
<ref name="testimony">{{Cite web |author=Elisabeth Ryan |date=2026-02-12 |title=Testimony of Everytown for Gun Safety to the Senate Finance Committee and Assembly Ways and Means Committee in Support of PPGG Part C |url=https://www.nysenate.gov/sites/default/files/admin/structure/media/manage/filefile/a/2026-03/everytown-for-gun-safety.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605125415/https://www.nysenate.gov/sites/default/files/admin/structure/media/manage/filefile/a/2026-03/everytown-for-gun-safety.pdf |archive-date=2026-06-05 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Everytown for Gun Safety}} Policy counsel Elisabeth Ryan's written testimony on behalf of Everytown for Gun Safety supporting New York's 3D printer blocking mandate.</ref>
<ref name="testimony">{{Cite web |author=Elisabeth Ryan |date=2026-02-12 |title=Testimony of Everytown for Gun Safety to the Senate Finance Committee and Assembly Ways and Means Committee in Support of PPGG Part C |url=https://www.nysenate.gov/sites/default/files/admin/structure/media/manage/filefile/a/2026-03/everytown-for-gun-safety.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605125415/https://www.nysenate.gov/sites/default/files/admin/structure/media/manage/filefile/a/2026-03/everytown-for-gun-safety.pdf |archive-date=2026-06-05 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Everytown for Gun Safety}} Policy counsel Elisabeth Ryan's written testimony on behalf of Everytown for Gun Safety supporting New York's 3D printer blocking mandate.</ref>
<ref name="everytown-ca">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-27 |title=California Assembly Passes Landmark Bill to Stop the Rise of 3D-Printed Ghost Guns |url=https://www.everytown.org/press/california-assembly-passes-landmark-bill-to-stop-the-rise-of-3d-printed-ghost-guns/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260616180028/https://www.everytown.org/press/california-assembly-passes-landmark-bill-to-stop-the-rise-of-3d-printed-ghost-guns/ |archive-date=2026-06-16 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Everytown for Gun Safety}} States that AB 2047 "would require that consumer 3D printers sold in California include existing technology capable of blocking attempts to print firearms and illegal gun parts."</ref>
<ref name="everytown-ca">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-27 |title=California Assembly Passes Landmark Bill to Stop the Rise of 3D-Printed Ghost Guns |url=https://www.everytown.org/press/california-assembly-passes-landmark-bill-to-stop-the-rise-of-3d-printed-ghost-guns/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260616180028/https://www.everytown.org/press/california-assembly-passes-landmark-bill-to-stop-the-rise-of-3d-printed-ghost-guns/ |archive-date=2026-06-16 |access-date=2026-06-02 |publisher=Everytown for Gun Safety}} States that AB 2047 "would require that consumer 3D printers sold in California include existing technology capable of blocking attempts to print firearms and illegal gun parts."</ref>
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