Digital Markets Act: Difference between revisions
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The [[wikipedia:Digital_Markets_Act|Digital Markets Act]] (DMA) is the European Union's regulation on large digital platforms, which entered into force on the end of 2022.<ref>https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/1925/oj/eng</ref> Combined with the [[wikipedia:Digital_Services_Act|Digital Services Act]], these form a package of digital regulation in the EU.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package</ref> The DMA limits the power of large digital platforms<ref>https://epthinktank.eu/2024/06/28/regulating-social-media-what-is-the-european-union-doing-to-protect-social-media-users/</ref> The heaviest regulation applies to the so called "gatekeepers", which are the largest platforms the regulation targets. For these gatekeepers, non-compliance with the DMA has potential fines up to 10% of the total worldwide turnover (Art. 30.1), which goes up to a 20% maximum if it happens again within 8 years (Art. 30.2), or additional remedies if non-compliance persists. Parts of the DMA are designations for the future, giving tasks to these large platforms to open up to their competitors. | The '''[[wikipedia:Digital_Markets_Act|Digital Markets Act]]''' (DMA) is the European Union's regulation on large digital platforms, which entered into force on the end of 2022.<ref name="dma-law"> | ||
{{cite web | |||
|author=European Parliament, Council of the European Union | |||
|title=Digital Markets Act | |||
|url= https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/1925/oj/eng | |||
|website=Europa.eu | |||
|date=14 Sep 2022 | |||
|access-date=24 Feb 2025 | |||
|url-status=live | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114124823/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32022R1925 | |||
|archive-date=14 Jan 2025 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
Combined with the [[wikipedia:Digital_Services_Act|Digital Services Act]], these form a package of digital regulation in the EU.<ref name="dsa-pack"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
|author=<!--not stated--> | |||
|title=The Digital Services Act package | |||
|url= https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package | |||
|website=Europa.eu | |||
|access-date=24 Feb 2025 | |||
|url-status=live | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222013939/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package | |||
|archive-date=22 Feb 2025 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
The DMA limits the power of large digital platforms<ref name="eprs-social"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
|author= The Citizens' Enquiries Unit (EPRS) | |||
|title=Regulating social media: What is the European Union doing to protect social media users? | |||
|url= https://epthinktank.eu/2024/06/28/regulating-social-media-what-is-the-european-union-doing-to-protect-social-media-users/ | |||
|website= epthinktank.eu | |||
|date=28 June 2024 | |||
|access-date=24 Feb 2025 | |||
|url-status=live | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809212319/https://epthinktank.eu/2024/06/28/regulating-social-media-what-is-the-european-union-doing-to-protect-social-media-users/ | |||
|archive-date=9 Aug 2024 | |||
}}</ref> The heaviest regulation applies to the so called "gatekeepers", which are the largest platforms the regulation targets. For these gatekeepers, non-compliance with the DMA has potential fines up to 10% of the total worldwide turnover (Art. 30.1), which goes up to a 20% maximum if it happens again within 8 years (Art. 30.2), or additional remedies if non-compliance persists. Parts of the DMA are designations for the future, giving tasks to these large platforms to open up to their competitors. | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The introduction of the DMA has resulted in investigations by the European Commission. Regarding consumer rights, the key sections from article 6 are listed here for reference to get a general idea of what this regulation implies for gatekeepers, and the designation of article 7 is discussed as it also shows how the EU tasks gatekeepers for the future. | The introduction of the DMA has resulted in investigations by the European Commission. Regarding consumer rights, the key sections from article 6 are listed here for reference to get a general idea of what this regulation implies for gatekeepers, and the designation of article 7 is discussed as it also shows how the EU tasks gatekeepers for the future. | ||
=== Article 6 === | ===Article 6=== | ||
<blockquote>6.3 The gatekeeper shall allow and technically enable end users to easily un-install any software applications on the operating system of the gatekeeper, without prejudice to the possibility for that gatekeeper to restrict such un-installation in relation to software applications that are essential for the functioning of the operating system or of the device and which cannot technically be offered on a standalone basis by third parties. The gatekeeper shall allow and technically enable end users to easily change default settings ... | <blockquote>6.3 The gatekeeper shall allow and technically enable end users to easily un-install any software applications on the operating system of the gatekeeper, without prejudice to the possibility for that gatekeeper to restrict such un-installation in relation to software applications that are essential for the functioning of the operating system or of the device and which cannot technically be offered on a standalone basis by third parties. The gatekeeper shall allow and technically enable end users to easily change default settings ... | ||
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6.6 The gatekeeper shall not restrict technically or otherwise the ability of end users to switch between, and subscribe to, different software applications and services that are accessed using the core platform services of the gatekeeper, including as regards the choice of Internet access services for end users.</blockquote> | 6.6 The gatekeeper shall not restrict technically or otherwise the ability of end users to switch between, and subscribe to, different software applications and services that are accessed using the core platform services of the gatekeeper, including as regards the choice of Internet access services for end users.</blockquote> | ||
=== Article 7 === | ===Article 7=== | ||
This article has a designation for end-to-end encrypted communication, like texting etc., to be made interoperable. Gatekeepers are tasked offer interoperability to any other service that makes a reasonable request to build interoperability (Art. 7.5). While the DMA does not finalize this interoperability yet, there have already been initiatives to build interoperability separately. There are already standards emerging like the [[wikipedia:ActivityPub|ActivityPub]] protocol. That protocol already achieved [[wikipedia:Fediverse|interoperability across decentralized platforms]], and larger centralized platforms start to show interest. The [[wikipedia:Threads_(social_network)|Threads]] app from Meta, which operates both ways with [[Instagram]] from Meta, is testing interoperability with [[wikipedia:Mastodon_(social_network)|Mastodon]] via this protocol.<ref>https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-your-threads-posts-will-soon-be-accessible-on-mastodon/</ref> | This article has a designation for end-to-end encrypted communication, like texting etc., to be made interoperable. Gatekeepers are tasked offer interoperability to any other service that makes a reasonable request to build interoperability (Art. 7.5). While the DMA does not finalize this interoperability yet, there have already been initiatives to build interoperability separately. There are already standards emerging like the [[wikipedia:ActivityPub|ActivityPub]] protocol. That protocol already achieved [[wikipedia:Fediverse|interoperability across decentralized platforms]], and larger centralized platforms start to show interest. The [[wikipedia:Threads_(social_network)|Threads]] app from Meta, which operates both ways with [[Instagram]] from Meta, is testing interoperability with [[wikipedia:Mastodon_(social_network)|Mastodon]] via this protocol.<ref name=" "> | ||
{{cite web | |||
|first= Lance | |||
|last=Whitney | |||
|title= Why your Threads posts will soon be accessible on Mastodon | |||
|url= https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-your-threads-posts-will-soon-be-accessible-on-mastodon/ | |||
|website= Zdnet | |||
|date=14 Dec 2023 | |||
|access-date=24 Feb 2025 | |||
|url-status=live | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625142657/https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-your-threads-posts-will-soon-be-accessible-on-mastodon/ | |||
|archive-date=25 June 2024 | |||
}}</ref> Such efforts make it possible to send, read and reply to messages to users across different social media platforms. | |||
== See also == | ==See also== | ||
* [[Digital Services Act|Digital Services Act<br />]] | *[[Digital Services Act|Digital Services Act<br />]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||