Dark pattern: Difference between revisions
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A [[wikipedia:Dark pattern|dark pattern]] is a manipulative design practice that trick or influence users into making decisions that may not align with their true preferences or interests. These techniques exploit cognitive biases and behavioral psychology to benefit businesses, often at the expense of user autonomy. Initially coined by user experience (UX) designer Harry Brignull in 2010, the concept has evolved into a significant focus of regulatory scrutiny and academic research.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Bringing Dark Patterns to Light |url=https://www.ftc.gov/reports/bringing-dark-patterns-light |archive-date= | A [[wikipedia:Dark pattern|dark pattern]] is a manipulative design practice that trick or influence users into making decisions that may not align with their true preferences or interests. These techniques exploit cognitive biases and behavioral psychology to benefit businesses, often at the expense of user autonomy. Initially coined by user experience (UX) designer Harry Brignull in 2010, the concept has evolved into a significant focus of regulatory scrutiny and academic research.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Bringing Dark Patterns to Light |url=https://www.ftc.gov/reports/bringing-dark-patterns-light |archive-date=9 Dec 2025|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251209033209/https://www.ftc.gov/reports/bringing-dark-patterns-light |publisher=Federal Trade Commission |date=September 2022}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Brignull |first1=Harry |title=Dark Patterns: inside the interfaces designed to trick you |url=https://www.deceptive.design/ |archive-date= |archive-url= |website=Deceptive.Design}}</ref> | ||
The prevalence of dark patterns is remarkably widespread, and they represent a growing concern in digital interfaces. A 2019 study examining 11,000 e-commerce websites found approximately 10% employed deceptive practices,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cimpanu |first=Catalin |date=2019-11-11 |title=Study of over 11,000 online stores finds 'dark patterns' on 1,254 sites |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/user-interface-dark-patterns-are-becoming-common-on-online-stores/ |access-date=2025-11-08 |work=ZDNET |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251114035001/https://www.zdnet.com/article/user-interface-dark-patterns-are-becoming-common-on-online-stores/ |archive-date=14 Nov 2025}}</ref> while a 2022 European Commission report indicated that 97% of popular apps used by EU consumers displayed them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lupiáñez-Villanueva |first=Francisco |last2=Boluda |first2=Alba |last3=Bogliacino |first3=Francesco |last4=Liva |first4=Giovanni |last5=Lechardoy |first5=Lucie |last6=Ballell |first6=Teresa Rodríguez de las Heras |title=Behavioural study on unfair commercial practices in the digital environment |url=https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/606365bc-d58b-11ec-a95f-01aa75ed71a1/language-en |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=Publications Office of the EU |doi=10.2838/859030 |isbn=978-92-76-52316-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260118190152/https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/606365bc-d58b-11ec-a95f-01aa75ed71a1/language-en |archive-date=18 Jan 2026}}</ref> | The prevalence of dark patterns is remarkably widespread, and they represent a growing concern in digital interfaces. A 2019 study examining 11,000 e-commerce websites found approximately 10% employed deceptive practices,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cimpanu |first=Catalin |date=2019-11-11 |title=Study of over 11,000 online stores finds 'dark patterns' on 1,254 sites |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/user-interface-dark-patterns-are-becoming-common-on-online-stores/ |access-date=2025-11-08 |work=ZDNET |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251114035001/https://www.zdnet.com/article/user-interface-dark-patterns-are-becoming-common-on-online-stores/ |archive-date=14 Nov 2025}}</ref> while a 2022 European Commission report indicated that 97% of popular apps used by EU consumers displayed them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lupiáñez-Villanueva |first=Francisco |last2=Boluda |first2=Alba |last3=Bogliacino |first3=Francesco |last4=Liva |first4=Giovanni |last5=Lechardoy |first5=Lucie |last6=Ballell |first6=Teresa Rodríguez de las Heras |title=Behavioural study on unfair commercial practices in the digital environment |url=https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/606365bc-d58b-11ec-a95f-01aa75ed71a1/language-en |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=Publications Office of the EU |doi=10.2838/859030 |isbn=978-92-76-52316-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260118190152/https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/606365bc-d58b-11ec-a95f-01aa75ed71a1/language-en |archive-date=18 Jan 2026}}</ref> | ||