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H0l0 (talk | contribs)
still need to add summaries btw, and there may be way more legislation from the past(going off of the begin of the article were it states that such legislation has been pushed in the last decade or so)
ClippyWantsToHelp (talk | contribs)
m List of Legislation: , edited some table properties
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==List of Legislation==
==List of Legislation==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
|+
!Bill/Law name
!Bill/Law name
!Country/State
!Basic summary of Legislation
!Basic summary of Legislation
!Elements of privacy taken away
!Elements of privacy taken away
Line 41: Line 42:
|-
|-
|[[Texas Senate Bill 2420 (2025)]]
|[[Texas Senate Bill 2420 (2025)]]
|
|Texas Senate Bill 2420(also known as the "App Store Accountability Act") requires app store owners & maintainers to utilize "Commercially reasonable method('s)" In order to verify the ages their users. If someone is In a category that isn't explicitly labeled "adult", then the user is considered a minor and must ask a parent or legal guardian for permission in order to install new applications that may be considered inappropriate for their age group.
|Texas Senate Bill 2420(also known as the "App Store Accountability Act") requires app store owners & maintainers to utilize "Commercially reasonable method('s)" In order to verify the ages their users. If someone is In a category that isn't explicitly labeled "adult", then the user is considered a minor and must ask a parent or legal guardian for permission in order to install new applications that may be considered inappropriate for their age group.
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 46: Line 48:
|-
|-
|[https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/SB26-051 Colorado Senate Bill SB26-051]
|[https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/SB26-051 Colorado Senate Bill SB26-051]
|
|The Colorado Senate Bill "SB26-051" requires operating system owners, publishers/providers, & developers & maintainers to implement system level age verification via an "accessible interface at account setup", which then is used as an "age signal" for "applications available in a covered application store". Any person that violates this proposed bill (perhaps soon to be law) will face a fine of 2,500$ per unintentional violation or 7,500$ per intentional violation.
|The Colorado Senate Bill "SB26-051" requires operating system owners, publishers/providers, & developers & maintainers to implement system level age verification via an "accessible interface at account setup", which then is used as an "age signal" for "applications available in a covered application store". Any person that violates this proposed bill (perhaps soon to be law) will face a fine of 2,500$ per unintentional violation or 7,500$ per intentional violation.
|Device-Based Age Indication
|Device-Based Age Indication
Line 51: Line 54:
|-
|-
|[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1043 California Assembly Bill No. 1043]
|[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1043 California Assembly Bill No. 1043]
|
|The California Assembly Bill No. "1043" states that any
|The California Assembly Bill No. "1043" states that any
|Age Indication
|Age Indication
Line 56: Line 60:
|-
|-
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/737/text S.737 - Screen Act]
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/737/text S.737 - Screen Act]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 61: Line 66:
|-
|-
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1207 S.1207 - Earn It Act]
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1207 S.1207 - Earn It Act]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Anti-Encryption
|Anti-Encryption
Line 66: Line 72:
|-
|-
|[https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/HB0464.html Utah Bill H.B. 464]
|[https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/HB0464.html Utah Bill H.B. 464]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age-Gating/Verification
|Age-Gating/Verification
Line 71: Line 78:
|-
|-
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1748/text S.1748 - Kids Online Safety Act]
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1748/text S.1748 - Kids Online Safety Act]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Censorship/Age-Gating
|Censorship/Age-Gating
Line 76: Line 84:
|-
|-
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act]
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Anti-Encryption/Censorship
|Anti-Encryption/Censorship
Line 81: Line 90:
|-
|-
|[https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/SB0073.html Utah S.B. 73]
|[https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/SB0073.html Utah S.B. 73]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 86: Line 96:
|-
|-
|[https://ohiohouse.gov/legislation/136/hb84 Ohio HB 84]
|[https://ohiohouse.gov/legislation/136/hb84 Ohio HB 84]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 91: Line 102:
|-
|-
|[https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2025/proposals/reg/sen/bill/sb130 Wisconsin SB 130]
|[https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2025/proposals/reg/sen/bill/sb130 Wisconsin SB 130]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 96: Line 108:
|-
|-
|[https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB%201839&style=new&year=2026&code=R Missouri HB 3015/1839]
|[https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB%201839&style=new&year=2026&code=R Missouri HB 3015/1839]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 101: Line 114:
|-
|-
|[https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=91&ba=HF2606 Iowa HF 2606]
|[https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=91&ba=HF2606 Iowa HF 2606]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 106: Line 120:
|-
|-
|[https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?year=2026&bill=HB1839&code=R%20&cal=1 Missouri HB 1839 & 901/1346/1412]
|[https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?year=2026&bill=HB1839&code=R%20&cal=1 Missouri HB 1839 & 901/1346/1412]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 111: Line 126:
|-
|-
|[https://wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2026/HB0072 Wyoming HB 72]
|[https://wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2026/HB0072 Wyoming HB 72]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 116: Line 132:
|-
|-
|[https://action.freespeechcoalition.com/bill/west-virginia-hb-4412/ West Virginia HB 4412]
|[https://action.freespeechcoalition.com/bill/west-virginia-hb-4412/ West Virginia HB 4412]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 121: Line 138:
|-
|-
|[https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText/BillText26/HouseText26/H7746.pdf Rhode Island HB 7746]
|[https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText/BillText26/HouseText26/H7746.pdf Rhode Island HB 7746]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 126: Line 144:
|-
|-
|[https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=3945&GAID=18&DocTypeID=SB&LegId=167424&SessionID=114 Illinois SB 3946]
|[https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=3945&GAID=18&DocTypeID=SB&LegId=167424&SessionID=114 Illinois SB 3946]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 131: Line 150:
|-
|-
|[https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0908?ys=2026rs Maryland HB 908]
|[https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0908?ys=2026rs Maryland HB 908]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 136: Line 156:
|-
|-
|[https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default?BillNumber=HB2522&GA=114 Tennessee HB 2522/SB 2398]
|[https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default?BillNumber=HB2522&GA=114 Tennessee HB 2522/SB 2398]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 141: Line 162:
|-
|-
|[https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0693?ys=2026rs Maryland HB 693]
|[https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0693?ys=2026rs Maryland HB 693]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 146: Line 168:
|-
|-
|[https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=91&ba=SF2159 Iowa SF 2159]
|[https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=91&ba=SF2159 Iowa SF 2159]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 151: Line 174:
|-
|-
|[https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=628&year=2026&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill West Virginia SB 628]
|[https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=628&year=2026&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill West Virginia SB 628]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 156: Line 180:
|-
|-
|[https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=91&ba=HF864 Iowa HF 864]
|[https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=91&ba=HF864 Iowa HF 864]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 161: Line 186:
|-
|-
|[https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=498&year=2026&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill West Virginia SB 498]
|[https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=498&year=2026&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill West Virginia SB 498]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 166: Line 192:
|-
|-
|[https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/S1826 New Jersey S 1826]
|[https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/S1826 New Jersey S 1826]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 171: Line 198:
|-
|-
|[https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB1878&year=2026&code=R Missouri HB 1878]
|[https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB1878&year=2026&code=R Missouri HB 1878]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 176: Line 204:
|-
|-
|[https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/billinfo.aspx?id=1271&inflect=1 New Hampshire SB 648]
|[https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/billinfo.aspx?id=1271&inflect=1 New Hampshire SB 648]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 181: Line 210:
|-
|-
|New York [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S3591 S3591] / [https://www.nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=3946 A3946]
|New York [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S3591 S3591] / [https://www.nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=3946 A3946]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 186: Line 216:
|-
|-
|[https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2112&Year=2025&Chamber=House Washington HB 2112]
|[https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2112&Year=2025&Chamber=House Washington HB 2112]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 191: Line 222:
|-
|-
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6333 Parents Over Platforms Act - HR 6333]
|[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6333 Parents Over Platforms Act - HR 6333]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 196: Line 228:
|-
|-
|[https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=1198 Hawaii HB 1198]
|[https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=1198 Hawaii HB 1198]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 201: Line 234:
|-
|-
|[https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=1212 Hawaii HB 1212]
|[https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=1212 Hawaii HB 1212]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 206: Line 240:
|-
|-
|[https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=91&ba=SF443 Iowa SF 207/443]
|[https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=91&ba=SF443 Iowa SF 207/443]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 211: Line 246:
|-
|-
|[https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H1626 Massachusetts H 1626]
|[https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H1626 Massachusetts H 1626]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 216: Line 252:
|-
|-
|[https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/hb1513 Pennsylvania HB 1513]
|[https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/hb1513 Pennsylvania HB 1513]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 221: Line 258:
|-
|-
|Michigan [https://legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2025-SB-0284 SB284]/[https://legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2025-HB-4429 HB 4429]
|Michigan [https://legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2025-SB-0284 SB284]/[https://legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2025-HB-4429 HB 4429]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Device-Based Age Verification
|Device-Based Age Verification
Line 226: Line 264:
|-
|-
|[https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/sb603 Pennsylvania SB 603]
|[https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/sb603 Pennsylvania SB 603]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 231: Line 270:
|-
|-
|[https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0466&ga=114 Tennessee HB 222 / SB 466]
|[https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0466&ga=114 Tennessee HB 222 / SB 466]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 236: Line 276:
|-
|-
|[https://legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2025-SB-0191 Michigan SB 191]
|[https://legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2025-SB-0191 Michigan SB 191]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 241: Line 282:
|-
|-
|[https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=House&f=HF1875&ssn=0&y=2025 Minnesota HF 1875]
|[https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=House&f=HF1875&ssn=0&y=2025 Minnesota HF 1875]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification
Line 246: Line 288:
|-
|-
|Mineesota [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=Senate&f=SF2105&ssn=0&y=2025 SF 2105]/[https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?f=HF1434&y=2025&ssn=0&b=house HF 1434]
|Mineesota [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=Senate&f=SF2105&ssn=0&y=2025 SF 2105]/[https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?f=HF1434&y=2025&ssn=0&b=house HF 1434]
|
|[TBA]
|[TBA]
|Age Verification
|Age Verification

Revision as of 23:35, 28 February 2026

Article Status Notice: This Article is a stub


This article is underdeveloped, and needs additional work to meet the wiki's Content Guidelines and be in line with our Mission Statement for comprehensive coverage of consumer protection issues. Learn more ▼

Anti-privacy legislation simply put is legislation that may be created with malicious intent or not that invoke ones right to privacy. In the last decade, governments across the world have introduced various pieces of such legislation, which has caused damage to the privacy consumers have with their technology.

How it works

-- Legislators from all around the world create bills in an attempt to pass them and thus make it law.In order for a bill to be passed, It must go through "The Legislative Process"[1] --

The legislative process is as follows:

  1. A representative needs to sponsor a bill
  2. The bill is then assigned to a committee for study
  3. If the bill is released by said committee, the bill is put on a calendar to be voted on.
  4. If the majority of people vote for the bill(51 or more out of 100), then the bill is passed
  5. A conference committee made of House & Senate members then works out any differences between the House & Senate version of the bill
  6. Finally, the resulting bill heads back to the House & Senate for final approval by the President, If the bill is signed, then it has officially become law.[1]

Now that such anti-privacy legislation has been approved, it can be enforced by federal agencies via penalties.

Why it is a problem

Anti-privacy legislation is a direct infringement of the 1st & 4th amendments found in the bill of rights

  • The 1st amendment states:

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.[2]

If Anti-privacy legislation were to be implemented, that gives anyone with access to data on someone the ability to restrict freedom of speech or oppose those with unwanted views of the world, thus infringing the 1st amendment.[citation needed (28 Feb 2026)]

  • The 4th amendment reads as follows:

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.[3]

Anti-privacy legislation infringes on a citizen's right to avoid "unreasonable searches and seizures" since It may require/force citizens to show proof of age(selfies, id's, credit cards) and since It may also force said citizen to use less secure services, therefore allowing federal agencies to gain higher access to said services and retrieve to whatever data is "needed".[citation needed (28 Feb 2026)]

  • Anti-privacy legislation can also build the framework and foundation for other & more extreme anti-privacy measures, & such anti-privacy measures can lead to the slow development of a surveillance state.[4]

List of Legislation

Bill/Law name Country/State Basic summary of Legislation Elements of privacy taken away Status
Texas Senate Bill 2420 (2025) Texas Senate Bill 2420(also known as the "App Store Accountability Act") requires app store owners & maintainers to utilize "Commercially reasonable method('s)" In order to verify the ages their users. If someone is In a category that isn't explicitly labeled "adult", then the user is considered a minor and must ask a parent or legal guardian for permission in order to install new applications that may be considered inappropriate for their age group. Age Verification Rejected
Colorado Senate Bill SB26-051 The Colorado Senate Bill "SB26-051" requires operating system owners, publishers/providers, & developers & maintainers to implement system level age verification via an "accessible interface at account setup", which then is used as an "age signal" for "applications available in a covered application store". Any person that violates this proposed bill (perhaps soon to be law) will face a fine of 2,500$ per unintentional violation or 7,500$ per intentional violation. Device-Based Age Indication Under Consideration
California Assembly Bill No. 1043 The California Assembly Bill No. "1043" states that any Age Indication Approved (Active Jan 1, 2027)
S.737 - Screen Act [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
S.1207 - Earn It Act [TBA] Anti-Encryption Introduced
Utah Bill H.B. 464 [TBA] Age-Gating/Verification Passed House committee
S.1748 - Kids Online Safety Act [TBA] Censorship/Age-Gating Introduced
S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act [TBA] Anti-Encryption/Censorship Approved
Utah S.B. 73 [TBA] Age Verification Passed House committee
Ohio HB 84 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Wisconsin SB 130 [TBA] Age Verification Passed Senate
Missouri HB 3015/1839 [TBA] Age Verification Passed first committee
Iowa HF 2606 [TBA] Age Verification Passed first committee
Missouri HB 1839 & 901/1346/1412 [TBA] Age Verification Passed first committee
Wyoming HB 72 [TBA] Age Verification Rejected
West Virginia HB 4412 [TBA] Age Verification Passed the House
Rhode Island HB 7746 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Illinois SB 3946 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Maryland HB 908 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Tennessee HB 2522/SB 2398 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Maryland HB 693 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Iowa SF 2159 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
West Virginia SB 628 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Iowa HF 864 [TBA] Age Verification Passed first chamber
West Virginia SB 498 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
New Jersey S 1826 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Missouri HB 1878 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
New Hampshire SB 648 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
New York S3591 / A3946 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Washington HB 2112 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Parents Over Platforms Act - HR 6333 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Hawaii HB 1198 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Hawaii HB 1212 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Iowa SF 207/443 [TBA] Age Verification Passed first committee
Massachusetts H 1626 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Pennsylvania HB 1513 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Michigan SB284/HB 4429 [TBA] Device-Based Age Verification Introduced
Pennsylvania SB 603 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Tennessee HB 222 / SB 466 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Michigan SB 191 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Minnesota HF 1875 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced
Mineesota SF 2105/HF 1434 [TBA] Age Verification Introduced

What you can do

In order to oppose/dispute Anti-privacy legislation created by legislators, you can:

  1. Spread the word; not everyone knows about these bills or the mere existence of these types of bills and therefore wont even fight back
  2. Contact local legislators & representatives; If enough people oppose a proposed bill, local legislators may delay the bill or back off on their decision entirely. If enough citizens instead urge a representative to vote against a bill, said representatives could potentially follow up on the citizen's behalf.
  3. Sign Petitions; Signing petitions is another way to the message across to both legislators & other people alike.
  4. Support Pro Consumer/Privacy Bills; Supporting bills that protect consumer privacy & ownership helps circumvent future bills that aims for the opposite affect.

Tools & Resources

Further Reading

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 "The Legislative Process". house.gov. Archived from the original on 19 Jan 2026. Retrieved 23 Feb 2026.
  2. "U.S Constitution - First Amendment". Constitution Annotated. Retrieved 28 Feb 2026.
  3. "U.S Constitution - Fourth Amendment". Constitution Annotated. Retrieved 28 Feb 2026.
  4. Sherwinter, Daniel. "Surveillance's Slippery Slope; Using Encryption to Recapture Privacy Rights" (PDF). Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law. Retrieved 28 Feb 2026.