Digital rights management: Difference between revisions

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==DRM in video content==

Attempting to protect video content is one of the most common uses of DRM. The idea of using copy protection on video content predates the term "DRM", such as the "Automatic Gain Control" requirement in VCRs, to enforce the "Macrovision" copy protection scheme.<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/1201#k_1_A 17 U.S. Code § 1201 - Circumvention of copyright protection systems, K.1.A.i]</ref><ref>[https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/cs181/projects/1999-00/dmca-2k/macrovision.html Macrovision Demystified], Stanford CS181. </ref> This resulted in VCRs not being able to record commercial VHS tapes and DVDs.

DVDs ~~also~~ feature the "Content Scramble System,~~" which~~ was ~~cracked~~.<ref>http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/FrankStevenson/mail1.txt</ref> ~~Later~~, HD-DVD and Blu-Ray would implement the Advanced Access Content System.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070302130221/http://www.aacsla.com/specifications/specs091/AACS_Spec_Common_0.91.pdf

Attempting to protect video content is one of the most common uses of DRM. The idea of using copy protection on video content predates the term "DRM", one early example being the "Automatic Gain Control" requirement in VCRs used to enforce the "Macrovision" copy protection scheme.<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/1201#k_1_A 17 U.S. Code § 1201 - Circumvention of copyright protection systems, K.1.A.i]</ref><ref>[https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/cs181/projects/1999-00/dmca-2k/macrovision.html Macrovision Demystified], Stanford CS181. </ref> This requirement resulted in VCRs not being able to record commercial VHS tapes{{citation needed}}.

</ref> ~~The~~ AACS key was similarly ~~cracked, and~~ the AACS Licensing Administrator began to issue cease-and-desist letters to websites to which the key was posted.<ref>http://www.chillingeffects.org/notice.cgi?sID=03218</ref> Another form of Blu-Ray DRM, ~~called~~ [[Cinavia]], ~~exists~~, ~~and it is known for its self-destructive tendencies~~.<ref>https://www.anandtech.com/show/5693/cinavia-drm-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-blurays-selfdestruction/2</ref>

Starting in 1996 DVDs started to feature the "Content Scramble System" (CSS), an encryption based DRM. CSS was successfully circuventented as early as 1999, less than five years after its introduction in 1996, partly due to the limited length of 40-bits the encryption key, used to comply with US government export regulation of the time.<ref>http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/FrankStevenson/mail1.txt</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000302000206/http://www.dvd-copy.com/news/cryptanalysis_of_contents_scrambling_system.htm "Cryptanalysis of Contents Scrambling System", Frank A. Stevenson, archived from dvd-copy.com]</ref> Following this DVDs as well as HD-DVD and Blu-Ray would implement various other DRM, one of them being the "Advanced Access Content System".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070302130221/http://www.aacsla.com/specifications/specs091/AACS_Spec_Common_0.91.pdf

</ref> When the AACS key was similarly extracted the AACS Licensing Administrator began to issue cease-and-desist letters to websites to which the key was posted.<ref>http://www.chillingeffects.org/notice.cgi?sID=03218</ref> Another form of Blu-Ray DRM, [[Cinavia]], uses a form of audio watermarking that makes certain relases unplayble in players that are not equipped to recognize it, a notable example being Sony's Playstation 3 .<ref>https://www.anandtech.com/show/5693/cinavia-drm-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-blurays-selfdestruction/2</ref>

To attempt to prevent ripping video via a capture card, modern displays, optical disc players, and computers use the High-Definition Content Protection system to encrypt display signals.<ref>https://www.digital-cp.com/about_dcp</ref> For example, [[Netflix 4K Stream Quality Controversy|Netflix will refuse]] to stream content at the full resolution that the customer has paid for if the user is not using an HDCP-enabled video card and display.

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==DRM in video content==
-Attempting to protect video content is one of the most common uses of DRM. The idea of using copy protection on video content predates the term "DRM", such as the "Automatic Gain Control" requirement in VCRs, to enforce the "Macrovision" copy protection scheme.<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/1201#k_1_A 17 U.S. Code § 1201 - Circumvention of copyright protection systems, K.1.A.i]</ref><ref>[https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/cs181/projects/1999-00/dmca-2k/macrovision.html Macrovision Demystified], Stanford CS181. </ref> This resulted in VCRs not being able to record commercial VHS tapes and DVDs.
-DVDs also feature the "Content Scramble System," which was cracked.<ref>http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/FrankStevenson/mail1.txt</ref> Later, HD-DVD and Blu-Ray would implement the Advanced Access Content System.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070302130221/http://www.aacsla.com/specifications/specs091/AACS_Spec_Common_0.91.pdf
+Attempting to protect video content is one of the most common uses of DRM. The idea of using copy protection on video content predates the term "DRM", one early example being the "Automatic Gain Control" requirement in VCRs used to enforce the "Macrovision" copy protection scheme.<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/1201#k_1_A 17 U.S. Code § 1201 - Circumvention of copyright protection systems, K.1.A.i]</ref><ref>[https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/cs181/projects/1999-00/dmca-2k/macrovision.html Macrovision Demystified], Stanford CS181. </ref> This requirement resulted in VCRs not being able to record commercial VHS tapes{{citation needed}}.
-</ref> The AACS key was similarly cracked, and the AACS Licensing Administrator began to issue cease-and-desist letters to websites to which the key was posted.<ref>http://www.chillingeffects.org/notice.cgi?sID=03218</ref> Another form of Blu-Ray DRM, called [[Cinavia]], exists, and it is known for its self-destructive tendencies.<ref>https://www.anandtech.com/show/5693/cinavia-drm-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-blurays-selfdestruction/2</ref>
+Starting in 1996 DVDs started to feature the "Content Scramble System" (CSS), an encryption based DRM. CSS was successfully circuventented as early as 1999, less than five years after its introduction in 1996, partly due to the limited length of 40-bits the encryption key, used to comply with US government export regulation of the time.<ref>http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/FrankStevenson/mail1.txt</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000302000206/http://www.dvd-copy.com/news/cryptanalysis_of_contents_scrambling_system.htm "Cryptanalysis of Contents Scrambling System", Frank A. Stevenson, archived from dvd-copy.com]</ref> Following this DVDs as well as HD-DVD and Blu-Ray would implement various other DRM, one of them being the "Advanced Access Content System".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070302130221/http://www.aacsla.com/specifications/specs091/AACS_Spec_Common_0.91.pdf
+</ref> When the AACS key was similarly extracted the AACS Licensing Administrator began to issue cease-and-desist letters to websites to which the key was posted.<ref>http://www.chillingeffects.org/notice.cgi?sID=03218</ref> Another form of Blu-Ray DRM, [[Cinavia]], uses a form of audio watermarking that makes certain relases unplayble in players that are not equipped to recognize it, a notable example being Sony's Playstation 3 .<ref>https://www.anandtech.com/show/5693/cinavia-drm-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-blurays-selfdestruction/2</ref>
 To attempt to prevent ripping video via a capture card, modern displays, optical disc players, and computers use the High-Definition Content Protection system to encrypt display signals.<ref>https://www.digital-cp.com/about_dcp</ref> For example, [[Netflix 4K Stream Quality Controversy|Netflix will refuse]] to stream content at the full resolution that the customer has paid for if the user is not using an HDCP-enabled video card and display.