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==Traditional subscriptions==
==Traditional subscriptions==
Traditionally this involves a physical act of an employee which can ''not'' be automated. Examples of this are companies or freelancers providing repeated gardening or cleaning jobs for consumers, or repeated mechanical maintenance for companies. Another type of traditional subscription are product-based services. These kinds of services repeatedly deliver physical products to a consumer, usually on a regular interval. This includes newspaper delivery and a meal-kit delivery service like HelloFresh.{{Citation needed|reason=1 Apr 2026}}
Traditionally a subscription service provides a physically tangible outcome, meaning some part of the process is ''not'' digitally automated. This includes product delivery services such as newspapers, comics, magazines, or meal-kit delivery services like HelloFresh. Another type of non-automated subscriptions are memberships to physical places or activities, like a sports club or an association. All these kinds of memberships are traditionally paid in cash, further reducing the possibility for digital automation.{{Citation needed|reason=1 Apr 2026}}


==Modern subscriptions==
==Modern subscriptions==


===Automation===
===Automation===
In the modern subscription landscape, the principal element of a subscription is ''automation.'' This isn't inherently anti-consumer, but it raises some concerns. A company can for example, regardless of consumer expectations, tweak values to exert direct control over the service. This means that unlike making a human gardener or cleaner intentionally degrade the quality of their work, it is ''really easy'' to degrade the quality of an automated service.{{Citation needed|reason=1 Apr 2026}}
In the modern subscription landscape, the principal aspect of a subscription service is ''automation.'' This isn't inherently anti-consumer, but it raises some concerns. A company can for example, regardless of consumer expectations, tweak values to exert direct control over the service. This means that unlike making a human gardener or cleaner intentionally degrade the quality of their work, it is ''really easy'' to degrade the quality of an automated service.{{Citation needed|reason=1 Apr 2026}}


===Digital medium===
===Digital medium===
Modern subscriptions often provide a digital alternative to physical mediums, like DVDs, CDs, newspapers, and magazines. This isn't inherently anti-consumer, due to digital formats being more flexible. However, if using an [[Features on demand|on-demand]] business model, it requires [[activation]] with [[Forced cloud|forced-cloud]], usually enforced with [[digital rights management]], and this effectively gives up full ownership of the media to the service provider.
Modern subscriptions provide a digital outcome, which makes it physically intangible. Usually these are digital alternatives to physical mediums like DVDs, CDs, newspapers, and magazines. This isn't inherently anti-consumer, due to digital formats being more flexible. However, if using an [[Features on demand|on-demand]] business model, it requires [[activation]] with [[Forced cloud|forced-cloud]], usually enforced with [[digital rights management]], and this effectively gives up full ownership of the media to the service provider.


===Anti-consumer signs===
===Anti-consumer signs===